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Download Chapter 4: First Age of Empires, 1570 BC
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Chapter 4 Chapter 4: First Age of Empires, 1570 B.C. – 200 B.C. How did the first large empires in Africa and Asia develop? - Egypt and Nubia developed ________________________________________________________ - The Assyrian Empire used its _____________________________________________ to gain power - Persian rule was characterized by its _____________________________________________ - Chinese ____________________________________ helped lay the foundation of Chinese government Section 1: The Egyptian and Nubian Empires Nomadic Invaders Rule Egypt Invaders - About 1640 B.C., Asian warriors, the Hyksos, use ________________________________ _______________________________________________ Hebrews Migrate to Egypt - _____________________________ move to ________________________ from Canaan around 1650 B.C. - Egyptians _______________________ the presence of Hebrews and Hyksos in Egypt Expulsion and Slavery - Egyptians drive out the ____________________________________________ - Hebrews lose _____________________________________ of Hyksos; are _________________ 1 Chapter 4 The New Kingdom of Egypt Technological Changes - About 1570 to 1075 B.C. pharaohs create _______________________________________, a powerful empire - Army uses _______________________________________________________________________ to conquer other lands Hatshepsut’s Prosperous Rule - Hatshepsut—_____________________ whose reign most noted for her ______________ __________________________________________, not war Thutmose the Empire Builder - Thutmose III, Hatshepsut’s ____________________________, expands Egypt’s empire - Invades _____________________________________________________________________—region around the upper Nile River - Egypt most _________________________________________________________ during reign of _____________________________________ pharaohs The Egyptians and the Hittites - Around 1285 B.C. Egyptians battle the ______________________________ in Palestine - Egypt’s pharaoh, _______________________, and the Hittite king sign a peace treaty An Age of Builders - New Kingdom pharaohs built ______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ - _____________________________________________________________ near Thebes is home to ____________________________________________________ - Ramses II builds impressive temples with enormous _________________________ of himself 2 Chapter 4 The Empire Declines Invasion by Land and Sea - “Sea Peoples” (___________________________________________) cause great destruction in Egypt - Libyan raids on villages and Palestine rebellions _________________________________ Egypt’s Empire Fades - Weakened empire breaks into _____________________________________________________ - From around 950 to 730 B.C. __________________________________________ rule Egypt, erect cities The Kushites Conquer the Nile Region Egypt and Kush - From 2000 to 1000 B.C., Egypt dominates kingdom of ___________________________ The People of Nubia - Live ____________________________________ near division of Blue Nile and White Nile - Nile River is a great ___________________________________________ for goods and ideas - Nubians link Egypt and Mediterranean to _________________________________________ through trade The Interaction of Egypt and Nubia - Egyptian culture influences ____________________ and beyond to ___________________ __________________________ - About 1200 B.C., Nubia gains independence but keeps Egyptian culture 3 Chapter 4 Piankhi Captures the Egyptian Throne - In 751 B.C., Kushite king Piankhi conquers _______________________, ousts Libyans - ______________________________ overcome Kushites and take Egypt The Golden Age of Meroë Meroë - Kushites settle Meroë; join in trade with __________________________________________ The Wealth of Kush - Meroë becomes important center for ______________________________________________ - Iron products transported to _____________________________________, exchanged for __________________________________________ The Decline of Meroë - Meroë ___________________ from about 250 B.C. to A.D. 150, then __________________ - ____________________________, 400 miles southeast, dominates North African trade - Has port on Red Sea, defeats Meroë in A.D. 350 Section 2: The Assyrian Empire A Mighty Military Machine Assyria - Assyria uses ___________________________________________ to acquire empire across Southwest Asia 4 Chapter 4 The Rise of a Warrior People - After invasions in Mesopotamia, Assyrians develop _____________________________ - Assyrian king Sennacherib _________________________________________________________ Military Organization and Conquest - Glorified armies wear ______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ - Use iron weapons, _____________________________________________________________, and brute force to conquer cities - ____________________________________________________ captive peoples to distant lands The Empire Expands Kings of Assyria - Defeat ______________________________________________________________________ between 850 and 650 B.C. Assyrian Rule - Creates ___________________________________________________ over local governors of dependent regions - Collects ___________________________________________________ from conquered lands Assyrian Culture - Rulers build great cities, including capital at ____________________________________ - Carved sculptures of _______________________________________________________ and the lion hunt - King Ashurbanipal builds library of ______________________________________________; Epic of Gilgamesh 5 Chapter 4 The Empire Crumbles Early Warnings - Empire spread thin, ________________________________________________________________, Ashurbanipal dies Decline and Fall - Army of Medes and Chaldeans destroys Nineveh (612 B.C.); ____________________ _____________________________ Rebirth of Babylon Under the Chaldeans - Chaldeans make Babylon ___________________________________ of own empire - King Nebuchadnezzar builds legendary ___________________________________________ ___________________________________ - Builds tall ________________________________; astronomers make discoveries about ______________________________________________ - Chaldean Empire falls to ______________________; they adopt Assyrian inventions Section 3: The Persian Empire The Rise of Persia The Persian Homeland - Persia (ancient Iran) has ____________________________________________________________ - Medes and Persians rose to power there 6 Chapter 4 Cyrus the Great Founds an Empire - Starting in 550 B.C., Persian _____________________________________________ conquers neighboring lands - Governs with ___________________________________ toward conquered peoples - Honors ______________________________________________, including religious ones - Allows ____________________ to return to _____________________ to rebuild temple of Jerusalem Persian Rule Cambyses and Darius - Cyrus’s son, Cambyses, conquers Egypt but ______________________________________ - Darius seizes control, ____________________________________________________; expands empire to India Provinces and Satraps - Darius divides empire into _________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ - Appoints satraps—____________________________________________—to rule each area - Build _____________________________ to make communication within empire easier - Issues __________________________________ that can be used throughout the empire The Persian Legacy Zoroaster - Persian thinker called Zoroaster develops _______________________________________ 7 Chapter 4 Zoroaster’s Teachings - Life is a battleground between ____________________________________________________ - ______________________________________ will judge us by how well we fight for good - Zoroastrianism influenced _________________________________________________________ Section 4: The Unification of China Confucius and the Social Order Zhou Dynasty - Lasted 1027 to 256 B.C.; ancient values ____________________ near end of dynasty Confucius Urges Harmony - End of Zhou Dynasty is time of _____________________________ - Scholar Confucius wants to _________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________ - Stresses ______________________________________________________________________________, including _____________________ - Promotes filial piety—respect for __________________________________________________ - Hopes to reform society by promoting ____________________________________________ Confucian Ideas About Government - Thinks ___________________________________________ can transform people - Teachings become foundation for bureaucracy, a ________________________________ ____________________________ - Confucianism is an __________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________, not a religion 8 Chapter 4 - Chinese government and social order is based on _______________________________ Other Ethical Systems Daoists Seek Harmony - Laozi teaches that people should follow the ______________________________________ - Believes that universal force called ____________________________ guides all things - Daoism philosophy is to ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ - Daoists influence ____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Legalists Urge Harsh Rule - Legalism emphasizes the __________________________________________________________; stifles _____________________________ - Teaches that obedience should be ________________________________, disobedience _________________________________ I Ching and Yin and Yang - I Ching (The Book of Changes) offers ______________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ - Concept of yin and yang—two powers represent _______________________________ ____________________________________ - Yin: __________________________________________________________________________________; yang: _________________________________________________________________________________ - I Ching and yin and yang explain how people ____________________________________ 9 Chapter 4 The Qin Dynasty Unifies China The Qin Dynasty - _____________________________________ replaces Zhou Dynasty in third century B.C. A New Emperor Takes Control - Emperor Shi Huangdi _______________ China, ends fighting, conquers new lands - Creates __________________________________________________________________ controlled by Qin officials - With ______________________________ prime minister, _____________________ Confucian scholars, burns ___________________________ - Establishes an ____________________________, a government with unlimited power A Program of Centralization - Shi Huangdi builds ________________________________________________________________; increases ___________________________ - Sets standards for ___________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ - Harsh rule includes _________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Great Wall of China - Emperor forces peasants to build ____________________________________ to keep out invaders The Fall of the Qin - Shi Huangdi’s son loses the throne to _____________________________________________; Han Dynasty begins 10
