Download Perming 3 - Neutralisation

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Perming 3 - Neutralisation
**perming 3-0.htm**
Learning outcomes
In this section on the neutralisation stage you
will receive an understanding of this part of
the perming process. Specifically you will:
Understand the term 'oxidation';
Learn the chemical process of neutralisation;
Discover the physical effects of neutralisation.
At the end of this section there is the
opportunity to test your learning.
This section will take approximately 20
minutes to complete.
**perming 3-1.htm**
introduction
Perming is a controlled breaking down and rebuilding of the hair's structure using
chemicals.
After we've cleaned the hair, we apply
perming solution. When we apply perm lotion
to the hair, it breaks many of the disulphide
bonds that help form the hair's structure. A
curl is formed by winding the hair around
rods.
We stop the perming action by rinsing with
tepid water.
The next step in the perming process is
neutralisation. Neutralisation fixes the curl.
FACT!: A chemical used to finish-off a perm is
called hydrogen peroxide. Mixed with other
compounds it can make explosives. The
concentrations required are greater than those
used in a salon though!
Image: Photographs illustrate the steps of
cleansing the hair; winding it; adding barrier
cream; adding perming solution and then
rinsing it off.
**perming 3-2.htm**
Oxidation
Neutralising is an oxidation process. That means
that the chemicals involved will provide oxygen
to the hair.
The most common oxidising agent is hydrogen
peroxide. You can also use sodium bromate.
Other additives make neutralising solutions
foam. Mild acids help cancel out any residue of
the lotion left in the hair and stabilise the hair
structure.
The main job of the neutraliser is to FIX the
curl.
Image: A photograph illustrates the way in
which neutralising solution can be made to
foam.
**perming 3-3.htm**
Oxygen combines with hydrogen
Stage 1: To fix the curl we need to remove the
excess hydrogen.
Stage 2: Oxygen from the neutraliser combines
with the hydrogen.
Stage 3: Two hydrogen (H) atoms + one
oxygen (O) atom = water (H20)
Image: An animated diagram illustrates stage
1, stage 2 and stage 3 of the oxidation process.
**perming 3-4.htm**
Sulphur bonds reform
Stage 1: The water molecules formed by the
chemical oxidation process are simply washed
away with tepid water. At this point the hair is in
a state called BETA KERATIN (a stretched form).
Stage 2: When the hydrogen atoms have been
removed, the disulphide bonds reform with new
partners - making the hair wavy or curly.
Image: An animated diagram illustrates stage
1 and stage 2 of the process to the reformation
of the sulphur bonds.
**perming 3-5.htm**
Sulphur bonds unable to reform: B
What would be the result if neutralising lotion
wasn't added?
If neutralising is not carried out properly, the
new curl will not be fixed as firmly as it should
be, resulting in the hair losing its curl or going
straight.
Image: An artist's impression of a hairstyle is
displayed to show how a curl, if not fixed
properly, can fall straight again.
**perming 3-6.htm**
Assessment
This assessment will test your knowledge of
perming neutralisation.
If you've read the previous pages carefully, you
should be able to answer all the questions. If
you're not sure that you've taken everything in,
why not check back for a quick re-cap before
attempting the test?
Only your first answer will be accepted for
each of the questions, so choose carefully!
**perming 3-6-text.htm**
Choose the correct response to each of the
following questions.
Each question has four possible answers.
Use the radio buttons to choose.
1) When the hair is ready for neutralising the
rods should be rinsed with ...
hot water
cold water
tepid water
neutraliser
2) After rinsing the neutraliser is necessary to ...
fix the curl
close the cuticle
relax the curl
break the linkages
3) An oxidising agent used in neutralisers is ...
sodium hydroxide
hydrogen peroxide
sodium chloride
amino acid
4) The chemical action of neutralising is ...
rinsing
hydrogen bonding
oxidation
conditioning
5) Hair in the 'beta keratin' state is ...
conditioned
tinted
shortened
stretched
6) Hydrogen peroxide is frequently used as
an oxidising agent to neutralise a perm. An
alternative chemical is ... ?
sodium chloride
ammonia
h2O (water)
sodium bromate
Once you have answered all of the questions,
click the submit button to see how you did.
submit
**perming 3-6-results.htm**
Assessment – Results
You answered: '
You didn't answer any of the questions
correctly.
You answered 2 out of 6 questions correctly
You answered 3 out of 6 questions correctly.
You answered 4 out of 6 questions correctly.
Well done, you answered 5 out of 6 questions
correctly.
Excellent, you answered all 6 questions
correctly.
Wrong answer. The correct answer was
Hot water can further the curl base, besides
being uncomfortable on the scalp. After
processing the scalp can be sensitive, so
tepid(warm) water suits all purposes
The main action of a neutraliser is to FIX the curl
in place, by the addition of oxygen and the
removal of hydrogen.
Oxidation is the correct chemical term for
introducing oxygen to remove the hydrogen
atoms - (2 Hydrogen + 1 Oxygen = Water).
Remeber that two hydrogen (H) atoms + one
oxygen (O) atom = water (h2O).
Oxidation is the chemical action of adding
oxygen to a molecule. In the case of neutralising
a perm, the added oxygen combines with
hydrogen to make harmless water.
Hair in the 'beta keratin' state is stretched.
Sodium bromate is also an oxidising agent.
**perming 3-7-results.htm**
Summary
The main action of a neutraliser is to FIX the
curl in place.
Oxidation is the correct chemical term for
introducing oxygen to remove the hydrogen
atoms - (2 Hydrogen + 1 Oxygen=Water)
In perming the neutralizer causes oxidation of
the hair which allows it to fix in a beta keratin
state.
Without this action the curl would NOT survive!
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Flash files
Fact-perming_3-1.fla
A chemical used to finish-off a perm is called
hydrogen peroxide.
Mixed with other
compounds it can make ...
a bomb
hair green
hair finer
perming_3-1.fla
Cleanse
Winding
Barrier Cream
Perming solution
Rinse
perming_3-3.fla
S – Sulpher
H – Hydrogen
O – Oxygen
Stage
perming_3-5.fla
Click to see result
perming_3-6.fla
Same as equivalent html
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