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Workshop on Informal Employment and Informal Sector Data Collection: Strategy, Tools and Advocacy Amman, 13-15 April 2008 Phase1 of the 1-2 survey: Concepts and objectives Sébastien Merceron (DIAL - Insee) [email protected] 1 Contents 1. Introduction: the non-observed economy 2. The 1-2 Survey 3. Concepts developed in Phase1: 1. Informal sector 2. Informal employment 4. Main objectives of Phase1: 1. Measure informal employment 2. Measure informal sector size 3. Filter individuals for the Phase2 2 1. The non-observed economy • Gaps in national accounts while trying to reconcile data on output, income and expenditure (balance between uses and resources) • Significant underestimation of the GDP • Low labor participation rates, especially for women → Raise awareness that something is missing in national indicators and official records (GDP, employment, …) : The “Black Box” of statistics 3 1. The non-observed economy The Non-Observed Economy has been defined in the OECD handbook as: 1) illegal production 2) underground production, 3) informal sector production, 4) household production for own final use -----------------------------------Informal economy= informal sector + informal employment outside the informal sector 4 2. The 1-2 Survey : a mixed survey Data is collected in two phases: • First phase: Labour Force Survey – Collect data on employment, adding questions on informal employment – Integrate questions in LFS to identify Household Unincorporated Enterprises for Market (HUEM) • Second phase; HUEM Survey – Use first phase data to construct sampling frame for HUEMs – Collect data on HUEM Identification of ‘informal sector’ enterprise is done in the data analysis stage 5 2. The 1-2 Survey : The scheme 6 3. Concepts developped in Phase1: a) The Informal sector • Informal units typically operate at a low level of organisation, with little or no division between labour and capital as factors of production and on a small scale. Expenditure for production is often indistinguishable from household expenditure. • Activities are not necessarily performed with the deliberate intention of evading the payment of taxes or social security contributions, or infringing labour or other legislations or administrative provisions. • Labour relations are based mostly on casual employment, kinship or personal and social relations rather than contractual arrangements with formal guarantees. 7 Informal sector : business-based definition • the informal sector is a sub-sector of the household institutional sector in the system of national accounts • To be excluded: all incorporated enterprises, nonprofit institutions serving households, government institutions. • at least some production must be marketed, which excludes production of goods and services exclusively carried out for own final use • Own-accounts workers / informal employers 8 Definition of the HUEM = Household Unincorporated Enterprises for Market A business is a HUEM if: • Private sector (≠public bodies, association…) • Owned by individuals/households (≠company) • No formal written accounts (≠ separation between private life and business) • Enterprises with at least some market output (≠ own final consumption) 9 10 Informal sector = part of a HUEMs Additional criteria: • Size < threshold (in terms of number of jobs or number of paid employees), • Not registered • • • • No specific business name No separate business bank account Without professional premises … 11 3. Concepts developped in Phase1: a) The Informal employment • The word “informal” has also been a source of misunderstanding and confusion. • The 17th ICLS (ILO, 2003) defined informal employment as a broader concept, which include “informal” employees working for formal or informal economic units without being registered or declared by their employers. • While Informal sector refers to the informal link between the State and the business owner. • Informal employement refers to the informal link between employer and employee. → Job precariousness / risks / quality / work conditions 12 Informal employment : criteria • While the concept of informal sector refers to production units as observation units, the concept of informal employment refers to jobs as observation units • Jobs rather than employed persons. CRITERIA : • no written contract • no pay slip • no legal or social protection • outworkers (home-based workers, streets workers) • casual/temporary job • absence of labour union… 13 4. Objectives of the Phase1: a) Identify jobs in the informal sector (institutional sectors) b) Measure informal employment c) Identify heads of HUEMs: → see next presentation 14 a) Questions to identify jobs in informal sector (institutional sectors) Questions for both main and (eventual) secondary activity, for workers aged 15 years or above. 15 For self employed workers only TYPE OF OWNERSHIP What is the type of ownership at the enterprise where you work? 1. Government (central/local) 2. Statutory body Privately owned 3. A corporate business, company ((un)limited) 4. A Cooperative 5. Business owned by a person, family or group 6. Other nongovernmental private organization BANK ACCOUNTS ACCOUNT As owner of the enterprise, are you able to take out a bank loan in the name of the business? 1.Yes 2. No What kind of accounts do you keep for this activity? 1. Complete set of written accounts 2. Simplified written accounts 3. Only through informal records of orders, sales, purchases 4. No records are kept. REGISTRATION Is the enterprise in which you work registered in any national/state or local agency? Tax National administration Insurance ? Corporation? 1. Yes 2. No 3. In process of being registered 4. Don't know 1. Yes 2. No 3. In process of being registered 4. Don't know Other: ………. ? 1. Yes 2. No 3. In process of being registere d 4. Don't know 16 SIZE How many persons (including yourself) usually work in the business where you work? 1. only one 2. 2-5 3. 6-9 4. 10- 49 5. 50 or more WAGE EARNERS How many of them are paid employees? Number:___ OR 1. 4 or less. 2. 5 or more. PREMISES Where do you mainly undertake your work? 1.Fixed professional premises 2. Home/client home 3. Outdoor fixed place. 4. Mobile. OR same items as in PHASE2 17 b) Questions to measure informal employment Questions for both main and (eventual) secondary activity, for workers aged 15 years or above. 18 Module For EMPLOYEES only Short version TYPE OF CONTRACT WRITTEN CONTRACT What kind of contract do you Are you have for each employed on of these jobs? the basis of a written 1. A written contract? contract for long-term 1. Yes, employment. Written 2. A written contract contract for short-term 2. No, Verbal employment. agreement 3. Only verbal agreement. 4. No contract. Extensive version LIMITED DURATIONDURATION current Is your/...... current contract or agreement of a limited duration? 1. Yes 2 No, permanent or without time limit If (2) Go to 27F DURATION- all What is the duration of your current contract or agreement? How long have you been employed by your current employer based 1. Daily on fixed term contracts/agreeme contracts? nts 2. Less than 1 1. Less than 6 month months 3. 1 to <3 months 2. 6 months less 4. 3 to <6 months a year 5. 6 to <12 month 3. 1 year less 2 6. 12 to <24 years months 4. 2 years less 3 7. More than 24 years months 5. 3 years or 8. Don't longer know/Not stated 6. Don't know/Not stated 19 Module For EMPLOYEES only CASUAL/ JOB TURNOVER PAY SLIP PAID LEAVES How long ago did you start working in this job? Do you get a pay slip for each of these jobs? Do you benefit from paid annual leave or from compensatio n instead of it? 1. Yes 2. No In case of incapacity to work due to health reasons (sickness, invalidity, maternity), would you benefit from paid leave? SICK LEAVE Would you benefit from paid sick leave in case of illness? WOMEN 15-49 If you wished to have a baby, would you benefit from a maternity leave with pay? PERMANENT Is it a permanent or temporary/casu al job? 1. Permanent job 2. Temporary / seasonal / casual job. SOCIAL INSURANCE Does your employer deduct contributions for the National Insurance Fund? 1.Yes 2.Not Sure 3. No 4.Don't Know SOCIAL PROTECTION (short version) 1. Less than 6 months 2. 6 months but less than 1 year 1.Yes 3. 1 year but less than 5 2.No years 4. 5 years but less than 10 years 5. Ten years or more SOCIAL PROTECTION: Extensive version SOCIAL INSURANCE Do you receive or are you entitled to employment related insurance benefits? 1. Yes, from the National Insurance Fund 2. Yes from an insurance other than NIF 3. No 4. I don't know 1. Yes 2. No 3. I don't know 1. Yes 2. No 3. Do not know 1. Yes, sure 2. Possibly 3. No 4. I don't know 5. It doesn't apply 20 Additional questions JOB SATISFACTION All things considered, how are you satisfied with your job? 1. 2. Very unsatisfied, 3. Unsatisfied, 4. Moderate, 5. Satisfied, 6. Very satisfied INCOME How much did you earn in this job in the last month? TYPE OF REMUNERATION 1- Fixed monthly/weekly salary 2- Daily or per hour of work 3- Per job/task basis 4- Commission 5- Profit share 6- In kind payment 7- No payment BONUSES/ ALLOWANCES If you benefit from additional bonuses or allowances not included in your salary, how much do you earn from it? ______ (to be converted into a monthly value) 21 Thank you for your attention ► [email protected] 22