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• MIDDLE AGES NOTES #3 – THE CHURCH AND
THE PLAGUE
GOT THIS LAST CLASS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Middle Ages Review - Crusades
- 1076: Seljuk Turks conquer the Holy Land.
- 1095: Fearing being taken over by Muslims the
Byzantine Empire asks for help.
- 1095: Pope Urban II calls on French and Italian
Lords re-conquer the Holy Land (Jerusalem).
- 1096-1099: The First Crusade
- EUROPEANS CONQUER THE HOLY LAND AND SET UP CRUSADER
STATES
- KILLED 70,000 JEWS, MUSLIMS, AND CHRISTIANS WHEN THEY TOOK
JERUSALEM
Middle Ages Review - Crusades
- 1187: Saladin, the great Muslim leader, re-conquers
Jerusalem from the Catholics.
- 1189-1192: Third Crusade led by Richard the
Lionheart is a failure the Christians.
Results of Crusades
- Increased between the Middle East and
Europe.
- Italian City-States become wealthy.
- Bitterness among the major religions.
Middle Ages Review - Crusades
Results of Crusades
- Byzantine Empire weaker after Christians
attack Constantinople.
- The Mongols from Central Asia are new
invaders to Europe during this time.
- Constantinople falls to Ottoman Turks in 1453
ending the Byzantine Empire 1,000 years after
the fall of the Western Roman Empire.
Middle Ages Review – Nation States
ENGLAND
- 1066: Battle of Hastings
- William the Conqueror becomes King of England.
- Sets up the Great Council
- Becomes known as Parliament
- 1150’s: Common Law
- King Henry II sends out judges to hear cases.
- They use common sense to make decisions.
- These decisions would help decide future cases.
Middle Ages Review – Nation States
ENGLAND
- 1215: Magna Carta (Great Charter)
- King John forced to sign document to give more rights
to the Nobles (people).
FRANCE
987-996: Hugh Capet builds kingdom from the city
of Paris.
Middle Ages Review – Nation States
THE HUNDRED’S YEAR WAR
1337-1451 ENGLAND VS. FRANCE
- After 114 years of fighting both England and France have
established their current European Boundaries.
SPAIN
- 1479: Ferdinand and Isabella unite Spain and kick out the
Muslim Moors. Jews can remain if they convert to
Catholicism.
- 1520’s: Charles V (Son of Ferdinand and Isabella) creates
huge empire in America (Western Hemisphere).
Defeats the Aztec and Incan Empires.
Middle Ages Review – Nation States
RUSSIA
- 1550’s: Unites Russia around the City of Moscow after
kicking out the Mongols.
THE CHURCH
I. The Church
A. Scholars
1. Were among the very few who could read and write.
a. The masses were uneducated, while nobility
was concerned with feudal obligations.
I. The Church
A. Scholars
2. Worked in Monasteries
a. Translated Greek and Arabic works into
Latin.
I. The Church
A. Scholars
3. Made new knowledge in philosophy, medicine, and science available
in Europe.
a. Helped Europe leave the Dark Ages
b. Books
1. Divine Comedy was a poem on the Christian Soul.
The poem described Dante travels through Heaven,
Hell and Purgatory.
2. The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer. A group
of stories told form the point of view of about 30
pilgrims on their way to the shrine of Saint Thomas
Becket at Canterbury.
a. Pokes fun at English society and the church.
I. The Church
A. Scholars
3. Made new knowledge in philosophy, medicine, and
science available in Europe.
c. Waterwheels and windmills
1. Helped with grinding grain into flour for
bread.
I. The Church
A. Scholars
3. Made new knowledge in philosophy, medicine,
and science available in Europe.
d. Thomas Aquinas
1. Monk who was considered the greatest
Middle Ages religious philosopher.
2. Argued that science and reason were
not in conflict with faith.
I. The Church
A. Scholars
4. Laid the foundations for the rise of Universities in
Europe
a. France - Paris – Theology, religion, and liberal
arts.
I. The Church
A. Scholars
4. Laid the foundations for the rise of Universities in
Europe
b. England – Oxford – Theology, religion and
liberal arts.
I. The Church
A. Scholars
4. Laid the foundations for the rise of Universities in
Europe
c. Italy – Salerno - University taught medicine.
The Black Death (1347-1351)
I. The Black Death
A. The Plague
1. Arrived in Europe around 1347 AD and lasted until
1351 AD.
2. Brought to Europe by Italian ships that traded with
the Middle East & Asia.
3. Within six years an estimated 1/3 to 1/2 of the
European population was dead.
I. The Black Death
A. The Plague – Shipping Routes
FROM THE MIDDLE EAST
TO EUROPE
I. The Black Death
B. The Disease
1. Carried by fleas that lived in the fur of a particular
type of black rat.
2. Once fleas kill the rat they leave the host and
move to the next living thing around ….humans.
I. The Black Death
B. The Disease
3. Once infected boils appear in a person’s armpit and
groin; then vomiting commenced accompanied by
high fever. Within hours the victim was usually
dead.
The Disease Cycle
Flea drinks rat blood
that carries the
bacteria.
Bacteria
multiply in
flea’s gut.
Human is infected!
Flea bites human and
regurgitates blood
into human wound.
Flea’s gut clogged
with bacteria.
I. The Black Death
C. Reactions
1. The rich fled cities to live in the country.
2. How did one catch the plague?
a. Looking at victim
b. Breathing bad air
c. Drinking from poisoned wells.
I. The Black Death
C. Reactions
3. Cures
a. Cut in the skull to let out the devil and cure
madness.
b. Throw sweet-smelling herbs on a fire to clean
the air.
c. Sit in a sewer so the bad air of the plague is
driven off by the worse air of the drains.
d. Kill all the dogs and cats in the town.
e. Shave a live chicken’s bottom and strap it to the
plague sore.
Lancing a Boil
Attempts to Stop the Plague
Pograms against the Jews
“Jew” hat
“Golden Circle”
obligatory badge
I. The Black Death
C. Reactions – The Plague Doctor
Medieval Art & the Plague
I. The Black Death
D. Results
1. Decline in population (Between 75 to 200 million
people died)
a. Scarcity of labor
1. Peasants died, less people to work the
land, some villages, manors, and towns
became deserted, never to be inhabited
again.
I. The Black Death
D. Results
1. Decline in population (Between 75 to 200 million
people died)
b. Towns freed from Feudal Obligations
1. The surviving peasants demanded
higher wages and in some areas
rebelled against king and nobility.
2. Gave the peasants land to own if they
remained in village or manor.
I. The Black Death
D. Results
1. Decline in population (Between 75 to 200 million
people died)
c. Decline of Church Influence
1. People’s faith in god was shaken, church
lost importance in some areas.
I. The Black Death
D. Results
d. Disruption of Trade
1. Some kings banned trading between
Europe and Middle East.
2. Break down in trade between towns and
villages.
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• RENAISSANCE NOTES #1