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Name: _________________________ Notes to go along with the weathering PowerPoint I. Define Weathering: The physical and chemical processes that break down rock on earth’s surface. II. What is the main difference between physical and chemical weathering? Physical Weathering – Initial product = Final product Chemical Weathering – Initial product ≠ Final product III. Chemical Weathering a. Oxidation: Oxygen combines chemically with metallic elements (usually iron) AKA RUST IV. a. b. b. Carbonation: Acid Rain! Acid dissolves calcite in limestone and mable. This creates CAVES and SINKHOLES. c. c. Hydration: Water reacts with minerals in rocks (usually igneous rock). Feldspar + H2O Clay Physical Weathering a. Frost Action: Alternating temperatures above and below Freezing. Water expands when it freezes and widens small cracks in the rock. b. Root Action: Roots grow and force cracks in rock to widen. c. Abrasion: Scraping rocks – happens during erosion. Wind blown sand into larger rocks (ventifacts) or water pushing stones along a stream bed causing the rocks to have a rounded shape. d. Exfoliation: Due to variations in seasonal temperatures. Expand during warm months, contract during cool months. The outer layers expand and contract the most, so they “peel” off. V. Weathering and Surface Area a. What happens to the total surface area exposed as a rock is broken down into many small pieces? The more a rock is broken down, the more surface area is exposed! This helps it breakdown even more. Name: _________________________ Notes to go along with the weathering PowerPoint VI. What is absolutely necessary for weathering to occur? MOISTURE a. What kind of temperatures favor CHEMICAL WEATHERING? Warm b. What kind of temperatures favor PHYSICAL WEATHERING? Cool VII. How will the landscape be different for arid regions compared to moist regions? Sketch the diagram. ARID – DRY CLIMATE More jagged cliffs – Grand Canyon VIII. HUMID – MOIST CLIMATE Rounded hills – Catskills What is the end result of weathering? SOIL a. What are the main soil horizons? A – Top Soil (lots of organic matter – humus); B – Subsoil, less organic matter but some burrowing creatures and lots of clay; C – partly weathered bedrock, mostly all parent material; D – Solid bedrock. b. Define Humus? Organic matter. Decaying plants and animal ingredients in fertile soil. Lots of carbon & nitrogen.
