Download economic environment

ECONOMIC FORCES
“THE STUDY OF THE BEHAVIOR OF INDIVIDUALS AND FIRMS
IN PARTICULAR MARKETS”
How the market price was determined?
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Demand and supply
Competitor
Customer income
Customer Preferensi
Production Cost
1. SUPPLY, DEMAND, AND MARKET PRICE
• DEMAND : the quantity consumers are
willing and able to buy at different
prices
• SUPPLY: the quantity businesses are
willing to provide at different prices
• EQUILIBRIUM: The point on a graph
where the demand curve intersects the
supply curve.
2. COMPETITION (DIRECT)
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PURE COMPETITION
A market situation in which many firm firms sell nearly
identical products and no one firm can raise its price without
losing most of its customers
MONOPOLISTIC COMPETITION
A market situation in which there are many firm but each has
a slightly different product
OLYGOPOLY
A market situation in which a few firm with or without
differentiated products, dominated the market
MONOPOLY
A market situation in which only one firm sells a product or
service
3. Customer Income
• If the income of
customer is raise,
……???
• And if the income
of customer is fall,
…..?
4. Customer Preference
• Customer preference is like ”I
prefer this brand.”
• Konsep dalam pemasaran:
Perang yang sesungguhnya
ada di benak konsumen.
5. Production Cost
“The study of the entire economy of a nation”
1. ECONOMIC GROWTH
• An increase in total spending in the economy or
increase in sales for the average business.
• To much growth in short period of time can
eventually lead to production bottlenecks, runway
cost, and even problem with maintaining product
quality
• Growth is caused by technological changes and
inovations.
2. INFLATIONS
• AN general increase in prices or an increase
in the prices of most goods and services
• Low inflation = good condition
• Yang mempengaruhi inflasi
– Nilai tukar rupiah yang turun
– Kebijakan pemerintah di bidang harga
dan pendapatan
– Meningkatnya kegiatan ekonomi
3. UNEMPLOYMENT
• The ratio of the number people classified as
unemployed to the total labor forces
• Type of unemployement
– Frictional unemployement (waiting the new
job)
– Structural unemployement (limited people skill)
– Seasonal unemployement (have no job in
some seasone)
– Cyclical unemployment (worst economic
condition)
4. INTEREST RATE
• The price that individual or businesses pay to
borrow money
ECONOMIC
GROWTH
INCOME
INFLATION
OPERATIONAL
COST
INTEREST RATE
INTEREST COST
PROFIT
5. MONETER POLICY
• GOVERNMENT
POLICY FOR
CIRCULATION
OF MONEY
The way of government policy:
• Open Market Operation (Sell and
buying government securities)
• Discount Rate (raise or fall interest
rate)
• Reserve Requirement Ratio (raise of
fall reserve requairement ratio of
banking)
• Moral Persuasion
7. FISCAL POLICY
• GOVERNMENT
POLICY FOR
TAX