Download (Myristicaceae) genus Myristica by myrmecophytic. species almost

BLUMEA
43
165-182
(1998)
The myrmecophilous species
Guinea
de Wilde
W.J.J.O.
Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, P.
of Myristica
from New
(Myristicaceae)
O. Box
9514,
2300
RA
Leiden, The
Netherlands
Summary
The
phenomenon of myrmecosymbiosis
Guinea,
and the
new
reviewed
here.
of their
status
A
as a new
words:
key
variety
Myristica,
in
M.
a
New
in
Myristica, only occurring
myrmecophilous
to
is
myrmecophily
species (M. dasycarpa,
scribed
Key
is
discussed.
briefly
sarcantha,
M.
Three
verruculosa),
some
species
myrmecophytes
and M.
liable to be confused with
species
in
is
(and resembling species)
taxa
subcordata
New
presented,
described
are
var.
from
as
rimosa is de-
myrmecophyte.
a
ants, coccids.
Guinea, myrmecophily,
Introduction
In the elaborate taxonomic
species
M. subalulata
Miq.
collections of this
species
and this character,
together
base
petiole
to
is the
almost
petiole base,
of the
treatment
only
always
66, 384). Sinclair accepted M. subalulata in
(I.e.:
barium material of this
common
species
has
a
wide
for
a
Herbarium
myrmecophytic.
ant-swellings
wing-like ridges
major characters
Sinclair (1968) the
Myristica by
show characteristic
with the marked
serve as
genus
identified as
one
defining
wide
sides
at two
twigs,
from
running
his series Subalulatae
and hence the her-
sense,
ecological
in the
range and shows
a
large
variability.
In my enumeration of
was
Myristica
in New Guinea
partly covered, for various morphological
ties, viz.
var.
subalulata.
var.
larger fruit,
as
var.
with the
compared
study
acteristically
with
type-variety),
since Sinclair's revision,
ant-swellings
1995; and the present paper).
twigs,
ants
and
(i.e.,
character
a
generally
distinct hollow
on
(De Wilde,
species
more
the
stem
it is used in
of New Guinea.
Myristica bialata,
M.
mountainous plants),
and
now
a
twigs,
have the conviction that
an
Myristica
and in the
,
early fork, leading
Including
the three
verruculosa.
species,
new
to
by
to
the
species
me
also char-
(De Wilde,
ant-swellings
to
ant-holes),
is
in the
be inhabited by
a
preponderant
New Guinean
species
myristicaceous ant-plant
described here, these
dasycarpa, M.fasciculata, M. fissiflora,
M. subalulata, and M.
pedunculata (with
potential
key
var.
some-
material has become
few additional new
and/or the presence of
in
var.
more
have been described
the inhabitation or the visible
species-level
1995)
I
in the
variability
several varie-
paucifructa (infmctescences with few,
peduncled inflorescences). Besides, because considerably
available for
this
by accepting
reasons,
hagensis (coriaceous-leaved
leptantha (with slender male flowers),
what
(De Wilde, 1995)
M.
ingrata,
are:
M. sarcantha,
BLUMEA
166
The habit of housing
with
twigs
the Kai and Aru
ing
paratively
tendency
and
Plants of these
ridged
or
species
especially
when the collected
have
species
than 20
more
twig portions
some
angled
and
of the
inhabitedby ants, and
when
the mountainous M. subalulata
cies, supposedly obligatory
inhabited by
hence have
in M. bialata and in the
twigs (i.e.
As
said above, still other
inhabited
never
M.
hollrungii,
twigs
or
subcordata). Finally,
look
listed and entered in the
With the
AND
scribed
key
STATUS
of the
treatment
elements
(1968) (with
OF
conceived
widely
now
in
two narrow
wings running
throughout
the
with circular
in
being
an
as
result of the
often swollen
cies of
run
although
some
of the
mostly
have
specimens
just
not
MYRMECOSYMBIOSIS
always
ants
be
or
Sinclair
Miq. by
leafbase,
special
one on
de-
two
notes
lines
or
as
habit
that
twigs
are
are
wings
the
to
in the swollen
are
illustrated,
species (I.e.:
inhabited by
to
petiole
base
the
do show them. It
apical parts
and
seem to
seems
of the
(also
that the
ants
which
two
ex-
lateral
found in certain spe-
myrmecophilous parts where they form
portions
twigs
diagnos-
hollow and
are
be absent from the
seem to
twig. Myristica hollrungii
and the swollen
on
ants
from the older, solid, striate parts. The
base
393-
family
modifications that have been
well-known and useful
swellings
often
each side, the lines present
modified into
morphological
very distinct in the
present."
is
twigs
non-myrmecophilous parts
twigs
and M. sulcata also have the
are
not
inhabited by ants,"
be fewer in
that such
(such)
portions
and that the
prefer
them
are
they
and
mountainplants,
without them
portions showing
been collected. On the other hand it may be that
by
M. inutilis,
for convenience sake.
OF
ant-holes. From the
petiole
ant-swellings
the younger or
vaded yet
cannot
the
wings
M.
lined solid
and these have been
smooth and also solid,
becoming
deformed. The
each side of the
on
lines but lack the
"...
are
not
apparently
are
hardly
(I.e.: 387) twigs with swollen parts
of the
well
down from
Horsfieldia)
wings
as
but
to
myrmecophilous
variously
or
do
hollow
subalulata is distinct from all other members of the
portions
apical portions
lines which
thin
Such
64
and the
ant-plant
a
twig
fig.
elongated
Myristica
tic characters.
treme
as
"
396), I quote:
evolved
In his
well
as
from leafbase
of the
length
parts." (I.e.: 386).
not or
twigs),
in such parts, the older
apical parts quadrate,
the
ants
Other spe-
M. sulcata,
the condition of the
segregated species)
sup-
with hollow, swollen, ant-inhabited deformities, reddish-
brown, smooth and often shining
generally solid,...,
but
M. subalulata
species
are
though
myrmecophilous species (e.g.
PHENOMENON
THE
ascertain
and M. verruculosa).
twigs
with terete,
myrmecophilous species
to
"myrmecophilous
as
like
swollen
ant-species (i.e.,
of M. subcordata with hollow or solid
specimens
HISTORY
deceptively
not
species
some
to
hagensis).
dasycarpa
hollow
(partly)
are
ridged) twigs,
short
always present)
not
a
con-
actually sheltering
var.
ant-holes
(and
described M.
may have
species
and hence these
ants
vegetatively
may
partly,
by
newly
ants
normal-looking,
be
can
myrmecophilous species
only
they produce swellings (e.g.
normally produce swellings,
too
com-
twigs (with
species
lined (or
or
inadequate
are
the
long,
these
(includ-
and leaves of
twigs
in
conspicuously
more
cm
low-winged. However,
or
if the character is present. Moreover,
posedly merely facultatively
and
twigs
is exclusive for New Guinea
without ant-inhabitationbut with
fused with
1998
1,
in hollow
Myristica,
perforation holes,
Islands).
lined
be)
No.
43,
habit, with leaves generally
stout
to
in
ants
ant-swellings
—Vol.
have
not
are
them
been in-
absent in the district. Ants
W. J.J.O. de Wilde:
Beccari (1884)
mecophila Becc.,
a
of
transcript
servations
cited
is
a
published
on
of
portion
Bower (1889)
publication by
a
and
reproduced
the slit-like holes,
Clerodendron fistulosum,
of which
two
each internode. Beccari is of
a new
aptation
this
situated,
opinion
access
either side,
one on
of the
protecting
also
Maschwitz
et
the
spontaneously, i.e.,
al. (1994) report
opportunistic
discovered
ant
of
case
being
as
a
as
for M.
65
time and offer
long
one
stomata
and inhabited by
are
and
notes
myrmecosymbiosis
in
the
in New Guinea
found that the
provide
references
hundred years ago, Schumann
already published
Myristica
short essay
a
Myristicaceae,
(including
by
ants
the
a
notion
pith
several
and
subalulata
assumed that the
concerned
to
twigs,
even
plant
itself
The
or
occurring
(1890,
had
1897)
of what is
in
some
In
essence
tissue of the
frequent
galls,
be resolved
which
are
as
myrmecophila
well
is
called
Warburg
and
growing twigs
were even
of
of
species
internodes of the
occurrence
was
not
the way
the
were
a
twigs.
fairly large
always present
the
the
(=
M.
opinion
case,
by
were
him in sterile
definitely
that in
and that the
ants
ants
disperse
too
to
to
on
to
are
to
discussed
irregular
is inherent
preceded
plants,
be
by
the
in fer-
as
is
truly genetically
a
He
Miq.).
well
ant-swellings
ant-swellings
the young
big
as
located
should have
Myristica
myrmecodomatia. Queries
in the adult stage sometimes
subalulata
ant-species, particularly belong
found
stimulus from the
of the
true
Becc.
of whether the formation of
question
rather than
are
as
in very young stages, but
rather that
and he
myrmecosymbiosis
of
and M.
phenomenon,
apically
twigs.
ply discussed,
sort
Miq.)
Myristica species. Swellings
the
on
the
(Capparis has
Myristica species, viz. M. heterophylla K. Schum. (= M. hollrungii Warb., p.p.
two
and ?M.
sites
a
opportunistic ant-spe-
Warburg
coccids in the ant-hollows, and further he assumed that these
tile
number
related literature.
pre-indicated
he recorded the
a
buwaldae Jacobs, with simi-
and Aru Islands).
not
already
The sponta-
al. (1996) describe
et
phenomenon
only
as
from the
morphologically
on
to
(1889)
on
the Kai
ant-swellings originate
formed irregularly,
Besides the habitation
in
plant."
unspecific
an
space for
nesting
Maschwitz
species. Likewise,
Both articles
species).
About
the
by
myrmecophila.
cies; it is the first and apparently only myrmecophyte in Capparaceae
some
ad-
an
Clerodendron fistulosum
on
develop by themselves,
well
as
myrmecophyte, Capparis
a
formed
larly spontaneously
holes
species
formed holes remain open for
neously
of different
newly
entrance
Beccari in 1884 for this
by
as
The form of the orifice in
species.
a new
species,
with extra-floral nectaries, of which the inflated hollow internodes
myrmecophyte
open
the interior of
to
the upper end of
Somewhat similar slit-like holes
ants.
Becc., grown in the greenhouse, without the presence of ants,
held
at
that both the swollen form of the internodesand
myrmecophila,
publication
a recent
plants
here also the internodes
species,
also would suggest that the initiative in their formationis taken
case
In
requirement
be found in M.
to
are
the
to
are
myr-
Beccari's ob-
myrmekophilous
of the holes have become inherited characters of the
origin
the first
167
(I.e.: 396)
notes
concerning
here: "Of the
partly repeated
swollen, and hollowed, and inhabited by ants, which gain
are
Guinea
myrmecophilous plants, describing Myristica
latersynonym of M. subalulata Miq. In Sinclair's
a
Beccari... is
by
New
Myrmecophilous species of Myristica from
regarded
him
as
am-
fixed
as
still
a
to
and how the coccids,
pass the ant-holes,
enter
the hollow
nodes.
Meanwhile I found in
present
inside the
recent
collections of M.
ant-swellings. Notwithstanding
subalulata the coccids
the rather
irregular
frequently
location of the
BLUMEA
168
morphologically
species,
I
well-defined ant-swellings
myself regard
the
not or
but little swollen
cific character
1.
partly
two
No.
on
species
though
and
(see Fig.
Myristica
still
x
0.5
subalulata
( Polak
the
1998
twigs, always present
less
as
a
obligatory,
in several
good
hollow twigs (and with ant-holes in the
can
serve
as
a
taxo-
ant-habita-
bark)
is
useful additional spe-
1).
Miq.
present), ant-swellings,
coccids,
1,
apparently
evident in part of the material, and hence
quite
Fig.
43,
syndrome, following previous authors,
nomic character. Besides, in other
tion in
Vol.
MP
var.
and
750).
subalulata.
Male
ant-openings;
twig
stem
with
immature
partly opened to
flowers
(bracteoles
show ant-cavities
with
W. J.J.O. de Wilde:
About the
biology
of the
coccids
likely belong
to
KEY
the genus
and where
experiments (without
TO
,
This
key
is
applicable only
of the
essentially
more,
leaves
larger
20
c.
also
la. Plants
the
or more,
with ant-holes
Male perianth
angular.
study
and
more
facts.
greenhouse
MYRISTICA
with
twigs
im diameter
mm
low-winged
or
ridged,
i.e.
hollow
twigs
(perforations), frequently
usually large,
10 mm
c.
swollen
partly hollow, locally
or
winged,
±
long
(c. 7
or more
not,
or
ridged, lined,
or
mm
in M.
not
myrmecophilous, twigs
terete,
or
lined,
or
solid
angular,
hollow, without ant-holes. Male perianth usually less than 10
with
Twigs usually
swellings
Twigs (sub)terete, hollow,
tion with ant-holes may
3a.
and leaves
Twig
to
43
18
by
(0.5—) 1
b. Plants
ingra-
without
not
Fruit
cm
3.5
towards
twig
with
long,
stout,
twig
up
to
8
apex
(twig
por-
indumentum with hairs
conspicuous
mm
dasycarpa
diam. Fruit with shorter indumen4
perianth
at
anthesis
in various stages of
with
certainty.)
—
split
into lobes
development;
to
halfway
or
bracteole small
over;
or
flowers in
large. (Fruit
perianth split
5a. Mature male
long only.
0.5-1
the
in bud
perianth
long.
mm
6a. Bracteole
less, bracteole small, 2-3
oblong
at
or
to
or
4
cm
according
1.5—2.5(—3)
cm
2-10
mm
the
veins
generally
Aru Islands,
not
known
not
to
long.
5
same
to
0.2
with sterile apex
(tubiform),
lobes
or
subglobose,
with
ovoid,
persistent
glabrous
Throughout
Archipelago;
or
the
±
1.5-7
large,
1-1.5
synandrium
inflorescence either of
Lower leaf surface
in the Bismarck
anthesis
mm
7
age. Fruit small
—
at
long
long, generally
faint.
subspecies)
ellipsoid-oblong,
or
oblong-lanceolate
Flower buds in the
ing pedicel
tertiary
clus-
mm
anthesis for 1/6-1/8. Sterile apex of
caducous. Fruit rather small,
apex,
ellipsoid
or
Synandrium obtuse,
Fruit rather small, up
of different stages
acute
or
in bud ovoid
perianth
perianth
splitting
or
for 1/3
into lobes for 1/3-1/4.
b. Male
one
Lowlands of northern New Guinea
4. M. fissiflora (2
b. Male
split
3
..
diam., leaf blade
mm
2. M.
less
11
ridged
9
10
c.
long
generally
or
absent
or
narrowly
have been collected)
stout,
c.
but
long
mm
usually winged
ant-holes present
swellings,
exceedingly
cm.
mm
and with ant-holes,
or
tum
4a. Male
ter
or
2
b. Plants
b.
or
and with
ant-swellings,
not, outside
occasionally
5
c.
without
or
ta)I
2a.
the
or not.
myrmecophilous,
usually
OF
i.e., twigs towards apex
without ant-holes, inside hollow or
angled, lined,
SPECIES
yield
of
species
Warburg (1890)
to
from New Guinea (incl. Kai and Aru Islands),
specimens
to
Field
Targ.
with ants) may
the
169
resembling non-myrmecophilous species)
size class,
long
cm
Myzolecanium
possible
Guinea
swellings,
the
Myristica i.e.,
MYRMECOPHILOUS
(including
or
in
syndrome
concerned, and the coccids, little is known yet. According
ants
New
Myrmecophilous species of Myristica from
cm
or
mm,
acute,
same
long
ellipsoid,
stage
..
6
with
short tomentum, fruit-
or
minutely pubescent,
New Guinea, incl. the Kai and
0-2100
7. M. subalulata (5
m
altitude
varieties, excl.
var.
hagensis)
170
BLUMEA
b. Bracteole
rather distinct.
or
No.
43,
in anthesis. Fruit 5-7
persistent
veins faint
—Vol.
1998
1,
long, (late) glabrescent. Tertiary
cm
Lowland, Papua New Guinea: Bismarck Archi-
—
1. M. bialata (2 varieties)
pelago
7a. Flower buds before anthesis in
cording
to
age. Bracteole
ovoid-ellipsoid,
c.
2.5
inflorescence
one
persistent.
long,
cm
of
ginal arching
and
nerves
may be confused with M.
ern
narrowly
apex
3-10 mm
apiculum); fruiting pedicel stoutish,
veins
tertiary
subalulata.)
long.
opment).
one
perianth
low the
Irian
inflorescence all of about the
veins
tertiary
stout,
same
long.
—
mar-
areas
of north-
ingrata (2 subspecies)
size (same
of develstage
7-8
interarching
mm;
and fruit
not
of
8
bracteole
known.)
situated well be-
scar
—
Lowland of northern
Jaya (West New Guinea)
6. M. sarcantha
pedicel longer
with bracteole
Female flower pedicel
perianth.
minute
distinct
generally
pedicel
carnose,
(with
(Fruiting specimens
Montane and lowland
—
5. M.
perianth. (Female flowers
b. Perianth smaller,
and
faint.
Bracteole caducous. Lower leaf surface with lines of
lateral nerves and
8a. Male
rounded
ac-
Fruit
mm.
Lower leaf surface with
generally
and southern New Guinea
b. Flower buds in
pedicel 2—5(—6)
broadly
or
of different size
generally
Female flower
c.
10
mm
at
scar
the transition of
Lowland, Papua New Guinea; Upper Sepik River
pedicel
10-15
long; fruiting pedicel
mm
(W Sepik Prov.)
area
3. M. fasciculata
9a. Plants montane, found
b. Plants from lowland
10a. Male
anth
perianth
b. Male perianth
—
1 la.
to
about
W Irian
inside
Jaya:
5(-6)
c.
2
cm
lobes
hardly finely warty;
6. Lower leaf surface
or
Archipelago
1.5
c.
var.
cm
—
and Manus Island
Papua
—
1. M. bialata (2
...
densely finely warty;
lobes
splitting peri-
altitude
m
not
known) less than 10
(M.
subcordata
long, dry pericarp
Dayman,
c.
Papua
20
Milne
long, dry pericarp 2(-3)
—
8. M. verruculosa
mm
—
Lowland
gigacarpa mountainous)
var.
mm
thick.
Bay
Prov.
(Flowers
New Guinea: Western
not
11. M.
...
thick. Male
mm
12
long.
Twigs distinctly angular.
Twigs
±
terete, lined
14a. Leaves below
—
or not.
—
(sub)glabrous (i.
10-14
Highlands
Prov
glabrescent.
—
Mostly
glabrescent,
at
first with weak
Fruit 2.5-5
cm
long,
mm
or
(sub)persistent
and medium altitudes (but
see
hagensis
tomentum.
M. subcordata
var.
anthers 8-
subsessile, largely late-
lowland marshy forest; 0-1000
dense
long,
dense minute
long,
m
altitude
9. M.
b. Leaves below with
mm
14
montane
tomentum). Mature male perianth ellipsoid-ovoid, 4-6.5
10, bracteole subpersistent.
—
14. M. sulcata
Lowland or
e.,
or
13
pachycarpidia
perianth
Lowland
.
known.)
12. M. subalulata var.
b.
New
varieties)
Montane, 1500-2000 m altitude
some taxa
bracteole caducous.
13a.
hagensis
splitting peri-
mm,
glabrescent.
Bird's Head & Bomberai Peninsula
New Guinea: Mt
Papua
b. Fruit
12. M. subalulata
. .
1/3; anthers 6-9. Lower leaf surface with persistent dense tomentum.
montane, 0-1500
E
altitude
inside towards the base
perianth (in
12a. Fruit
m
10
not or
Twig strongly angular.
b. Male
2000
area
about 1/8; anthers 5
to
Guinea: Bismarck
anth
at c.
—
Dry
gigacarpa)
hollrungii
land forest of low
15
W.J.J.O. de Wilde:
Myrmecophilous species of Myristica from
15a. Leaves of medium size class,
3-4.5
lipsoid-oblong,
Leaves medium
or
12-24
large,
mm
anthers
long;
1-3
long; fruiting pedicel
cm
b.
mm
mm
12-40
(male flowers
known in M. subcordata
not
mm
long; fruiting pedicel
Mature male
anthers 5
long;
var.
1-10
perianth
171
in bud el-
Fruit 2.5-5
subsp.
perianth
papuana
in bud
narrow,
6; bracteole caducous
or
gigacarpa
mm
Guinea
persistent.
10. M. inutilis
long.
(6.5-)7-8(-10)
cm
bracteole
long
cm
almost tubiform,
(3.5—)4—5.5
Mature male
long.
(3—)5;
New
and
rimosa). Fruit
var.
long
13. M. subcordata (4 varieties)
ENUMERATION
1.
bialata Warb.,
Myristica
Notes
This
—
Lowland
—
The
species
are
may be due
to
is
(1891) 308; W.J.
de Wilde, Blumea 40
Arbor
0.5-1
pilis
10 m
c.
cm
by
facultative
W. J. de Wilde,
habitu
longae
19
cm
spec.
fructus in
latae,
brown, with scattered
mm
±
mm
high running
concolorous
Miq.
with
stems
cases
their ab-
however.
nov.
—
valido, ramunculi apicem
stout, 8-10
high. Twigs
spicuous wings 2(-3)
because hollow
myrmecophyte,
sicco
longis. —Typus: Regalado &
mm
Archipelago.
Sinclair (1968) in M. subalulata
inadequate collecting,
myrmecophila
ad 47
a
of Manus Island and Bismarck
included
manifest in part of the material; in these latter
not
Myristica dasycarpa
nae
area
was
species possibly
ant-perforations
Tree,
13
W.J. de Wilde, 1.c.: 264, f. 2b.
brevipila
var.
Distribution
2.
Jahrb.
bialata W.J. de Wilde, 1.c.: 264, f. 1, 2a.
a. var.
sence
Bot.
TAXA
f. 1,2a, b.
(1995) 264,
b.
OF MYRMECOPHILOUS
2
Fig.
10
versus c.
3.5-4
Takeuchi
mm
longi
cm
1520
diam.
alati,
indumento
(L), Papua
New
lami-
velutino
Guinea.
diam. towards the apex, subterete, with
at
both sides from
petiole
lenticels, twig partially
to
con-
petiole, bright
somewhat swollen and
hollow, ant-holes present; bark of twigs lower down (where bearing the fruits, below
the leaves,
stem
15-20
mm
by
13-19
cm,
cracked and
diam.) coarsely rectangular
brown. Leaves: blade membranous
broadest
at
or
thinly chartaceous,
±
about the middle, base
densely
cinnamon
per side,
tomentose
with interwoven hairs 0.1
dark dots absent; midrib slender, flat or
at an
angle
(—0.3)
slightly
grey-
dry, oblong,
(narrowly) cordate,
broadly acute-acuminate; upper surface drying olivaceous(-brown),
papillose;
flaking,
brittle when
mm;
not or
raised above,
of 70-80° with the midrib, flat, lines of
apex
lower surface
indistinctly
nerves
20-25
interarching fairly
dis-
tinct, tertiary veining finely trabeculate, indistinct; petiole comparatively short, thick,
almost
pulvinate,
rescences
(known
brachyblasts
c.
subsessile, 2
or
fruit
5
15-20 by 8
from the
mm
glabrous;
diam. Male
3 per sessile
ovoid-ellipsoid,
rufous-rusty
mm,
infructescences)
base
terminal leaf bud
not
seen.
of the Knemai.e.
type,
inflorescences
knotty infructescence,
not
on
known (but
the older
broadly rounded, apex narrowly
velutinous indumentum with hairs
0.5-1
note
2). Fruit
below the leaves;
rounded or
mm;
inflo-
wart-like
see
twigs
Female
woody
(sub)acute,
dry pericarp
with
strongly
BLUMEA
172
Fig.
2.
Myristica
dasycarpa
tomentum of lower leaf
cences,
x
0.5
Vol.
W.J. de Wilde,
surface,
x
20;
c.
a.
lower
43,
Habit
No.
of
portion
(Regalado& Takeuchi 1520, type).
1,
1998
portion
of older
of
leafy twig,
twig
x
0.5;
b.
with ramiflorous
detail
of
infructes-
W.J.J.O. de Wilde:
creased
much shrunken
(and apparently
stoutish, 2(-3) mm long;
New
Myrmecophilous species of Myristica from
seed
mature
drying),
on
oblong,
2.5
c.
3
c.
mm
thick;
173
fruiting pedicel
the aril
long, greyish,
cm
Guinea
impressed
into the seed.
Field-notes
Distribution
Papua
Tree
—
fruits rich brown
Known
—
New Guinea, East
around
Waskuk,
at
Notes
Ecology
50-70
villages,
is
species
see
Ambunti
the subsessile
fruit,
tree;
on
side
a
2. Male flowers of this
forest
850
at
long,
cm
1
to c.
species
m,
mm
described
briefly
long, pubescent,
of various
2
c.
ing
mm,
on
the
The
to
M.
1.5
c.
Brass
Idenburg River, in flood
here. In L this collection consists of a
portion
separately
added
subalulata. The immature male flowers
follows: inflorescence
bracts
specimen
mm,
with
a
a
wart-like
0.5
long,
almost
Twig
blade
to
1
c.
Plants
published
and leaves
43
18
by
mm
1
mm,
can
±
mm,
acute, anthers
be inserted in the
in Blumea 40
exceedingly
cm.
Fruit
less
c.
6
mm
6 flower (buds)
mm,
bracteole
14
woody (not collaps-
(?); androphore
c.
3.5
(1995)
stout,
cm
general key
241
twig
long,
to
New Guinean
after lead 22
—
narrow,
towards apex
with
c.
Papua
10 mm diam., leaf
conspicuous
indumentum with
dasycarpa
Fruit with shorter indumentum
de Wilde, Blumea 40
New
species
follows:
as
M.
stout.
fasciculata W.J.
Distribution
by
by
long
generally
Myristica
3
3.5
or
glabrous.
Myristica dasycarpa
as
c.
5-6
3-4
brachyblast,
subumbel of 5
thick, splitting bud for about 1/3 (?); androecium
c.
long, synandrium
hairs
certainty.
on
mm
Myristica
3.
as
conspicuous
valves
of
b.
belonging
glabrescent,
drying),
a.
most
ellipsoid,
1
22-bis
to
bud
c.
3.
the trail Garuka
with for the group the
stages of development; male flowers: pedicel slender,
4
mm
area
apical; (immature)
c.
mm
Hills,
long.
known with
not
are
possibly belongs
fruit, the latter obviously
be
from
ridge
with inflorescences with immaturemale flowers and
leafy twig
can
Waskuk
habit, with thick alate twigs and large leaves,
13706, from Irian Jaya, 4 km S W of Bernhard Camp,
plain
2), collected in northern
note
subprovince,
distinct among the New Guinean myrmeco-
stout
3.5-4
indumentum: velvety with hairs
of a
of nutmeg.
4° 11' S, 142° 44' E.
readily
because of its
philous Myristicas
by
from the type (but
only
beneath;
tomentose
strongly smelling
altitude; fruits July, 1995.
m
This
1.
—
crushed dried fruit
Subcanopy
—
leaves brown
myrmecophilous,
m,
Sepik Province,
and Garuka
Langu
Habitat &
and
10
c.
orange-brown;
to
(1995)
Guinea, Upper Sepik
23
278.
River
area;
in forest
at
low
altitudes.
Note
—
The limited number of collections known suggests that this
obligate myrmecophyte.
4.
Myristica
fissiflora W. J. de Wilde, Blumea 40 ( 1
a.
subsp. fissiflora;
b.
subsp.
W.J. de Wilde, 1.c.: 282.
kostermansii W.J. de Wilde, 1.c.: 283.
995)
28 1
.
species
is
an
BLUMEA
174
Fig.
3.
Myristica
—Vol.
sarcantha W.J. de Wilde.
a.
43,
Habit of
perianth lengthwise opened, bracteole caducous,
x
6
No.
1,
1998
portion
of
( McDonald
leafy twig,
& Ismail
x
0.5;
b. male
3800, type).
flower
W.J. JO. de Wilde:
Distribution
Northern parts of Irian
—
forest, 0-400(-1000)
Note
was
—
This
Myrmecophilous species of Myristica from
a.
subsp. ingrata;
b.
subsp.
Distribution
Notes
New Guinea; in lowland
Papua
W.J.
Part of the material
obligate myrmecophyte.
an
Sinclair (1968).
Miq. by
de Wilde, Blumea 40
f. 2c.
(1995) 290,
W.J. de Wilde, 1.c.: 291.
velata W.J. de Wilde, 1.c.: 292.
limestone,
in the
is
species apparently
Myristica ingrata
175
m.
included in M. subalulata
5.
and
Jaya
Guinea
New
—
—
Most of New Guinea, in lowland and lower
500-800 m
at
This is
with hollow,
obligate myrmecophyte,
an
Occasional
twigs.
forest; also
montane
on
(subsp. velata).
conspicuous
irregularly shaped
usually
swollen
portions
look like
apical swellings
insect-galls.
The rather small male
perianths (6.5-7.5
mm
long)
reminiscent of M.
are
hollrungii
Warb.
6.
Myristica
sarcantha W.J. de Wilde, spec.
Ramuli cavi formicis incolentes.
longo (4-)5-6 mm
3800
(L holo;
Treelet, 4
m
GH
Irian
but ant-holes
(hardly striate),
petiole
subglabrous,
minute scattered whitish
flat above,
nerves
interarching
ole rather
long,
pale,
by
3
ly minutely
mm,
Male flowers stout;
(not seen), its
scar
oblong-fusiform,
tapered, apical
1/3
glabrous
at an
upper
mm
angle
i.e.
apex
surface
acute,
sterile apex 0.5-1
mm
c.
in the stage of
with stellate hairs
mm,
mm,
8
by 2.5(-3)
not
seen.
cuneate, apex
and with
extremely
at
both surfaces;
by
3-angled
3
to
5
not
seen.
mm
development,
(less than)
mm,
pedicel;
petiMale
diam., the
extreme-
0.1-0.2
mm.
bracteole caducous
mature
perianth
in
broadest above the middle, acute, base
0.6-0.8
mm,
mm
with lines of lobe-sutures well-
thick; androecium stout, 12-13
anthers 12
long; androphore
but with very minute (less than 0.1
Female flowers and fruit
smooth
drying green-olivaceous,
venation distinct
stout, 7-8.5
5(-8)
seen),
not
brown, glabrous; terminal leaf bud
at suture
subterete
of 70-80° with the midrib, flat, lines of
slightly differing
long,
apex,
hollow (see field-
brown dots absent; midrib slender, almost
tertiary
by (4-)5-6
long, synandrium oblong,
contiguous,
twig
about 1/3-1/2 from the apex of the
portion,
marked, lobes 4-4.5
tip;
mealy pubescent
15-16
mm
Leaves: blades membranous,
minutely irregularly papillose
pedicel short,
at
but
of leaves, sessile, wart-like, scar-covered,
scattered
±
15-16
McDonald & Ismail
broadest above the middle, base
slender but distinct;
25-30
Typus:
diam. towards the
mm
inconspicuous.
appressed hairs,
flowers in subumbels of 2-5,
mm
cm,
20-22 per side,
nerves
inflorescences axillary
bud
stout, 5-6
rounded with acute-acuminate
lower surface
—
petiole, bright brown, partially
to
8-15
by
3
grandes carnosi, perianthio
glabrous (glabrescent,
seen,
22-32
Fig.
Jaya.
lenticels small, scattered,
obovate-oblong,
broadly
not
—
apicaliter triangulari.
high. Twigs moderately
with shallow lines from
notes)
Flores masculi
lato in alabastro
iso),
nov.
c.
4
by
or
13 (i.e. 24-26 thecae),
1.5-2
mm,
appearing
as
mm) pale stellate hairs in lower 2/3.
176
BLUMEA
Field-notes
Small
—
Vol.
tree, 4
understorey
No.
43,
m
1998
1,
tall, branching above and below, lateral
branches whorled; trunk
straight, cylindrical,
with muricate bodies that
attract
3
diam.; lateral branches covered
cm
ants; flower tubular, tube
aggressive
and
pale yellow
green, limb segments reflexed.
Distribution
from the
type collection,
only
Known
—
at
Sarmi, northern Irian Jaya
(West New Guinea). Mixed primary lowland forest, canopy 25-45
1-3 km N of Sewan
plain,
on
the Waske River, 2° 4' S,
Coastal
high.
m
138° 46' E. Altitude 10-20
m.
McDonald & Ismail 3800, male flowers June 1993.
Notes
ered
1. Apparently belonging
—
alulata and
readily
its
by
to
the
group
robust
large,
is M. verruculosa, with flowers
species
nomically
distinct
well
as
as
in
general
of ant-inhabitedspecies of M. subflowers. Another stout-flow-
carnose
larger mainly by
habit M. sarcantha is close
a
M.
to
longer pedicel.
Taxo-
fissiflora (with deeper
lobed, less thick-fleshy male perianth, and with the bracteole strictly apically
and also in
pedicel),
general
habit close
to
M.
fasciculata (mature
the
at
male flowers
not
known, but immature flowers much different).
2.
sarcantha
Myristica
be inserted in the
can
(De Wilde, 1995: 242) by replacing lead 26b
26a.
as
general key
to
New Guinean
M.
(unchanged)
b. Flower buds in
26-bis
nerves
Male
a.
and
veins
tertiary
perianth
below
scar
inflorescence all of about the
same
stout,
interarching
distinct
generally
carnose,
15-16
mm
perianth. (Female flowers and fruit
7-8
long, pedicel
known.)
not
—
mm,
bracteole
Lowland, N Irian
M. sarcantha
Perianth smaller,
pedicel longer
Female flower
perianth.
pedicel
with bracteole
c.
10
mm
at
the transition of
subalulata
Myristica
Miq.,
Ann. Mus. Bot.
Lugd.-Bat.
2
. ..
pedicel
10-15
long; fruiting pedicel
Lowland, Papua New Guinea, Upper Sepik River (W Sepik)
7.
of
26-bis
Jaya
b.
ingrata
size (same
of develstage
Bracteole caducous. Lower leaf surface with lines of
opment).
lateral
one
species
follows:
and
mm.
—
M. fasciculata
(1865) 47;
W. J. de Wilde,
Blumea 40 (1995) 330.
With five varieties, of which
var.
hagensis
W. J. de Wilde is considered as
not
myr-
mecophilous.
Distribution
tude 0-2100
Note
—
var.
alate
ex
Miq.,
—
1.
regarded
as a
(I.e.: 274)
a
true,
obligate myrmecophyte,
non-myrmecophilous species).
perforated
hollow
ant-swellings
Al-
in the
twigs.
M.
costata
myrmecophila
Myristica
Blumea 40 (1995) 274
me
below in the list of
subalulata; W. J. de Wilde, 1.c.: 330, f. 2d.
Notes
Kai and Aru Islands; alti-
including
subalulata Miq. is considered as
hagensis (see
Synonyms: ?Myristica
Zipp.
in New Guinea,
all herbarium collections possess
(shallowly)
a. var.
Wide-spread
Myristica
except for
most
—
m.
-
costata
Fig.
1
Becc.
Warb.
[Bot.
Jahrb.
18
(1893)
191; W.J. de Wilde,
type Hellwig 247, Bt from Sattelberg] is doubtful; it
synonym of M. subalulata Miq.
this is
—
Warb., ?M. heterophylla K. Schum., M. macrophylla
unlikely.
by
Sinclair
(1968),
but
as
was
explained by
Myrmecophilous species of Myristica from
W.J.J.O. de Wilde:
2.
K. Schum.
Myristica heterophylla
land (1889) 45] is
doubtful
a
name.
K. Schum. &
[in
Hollrung,
The type material consists of
Guinea
New
177
Fl. Kaiser Wilhelms-
specifically
different
elements, but the lectotype, Hollrung 648 (male fl.), designated by Warburg (1897:
489,
11) is lost in B and I have
t.
Sinclair
description,
swelling
11, however, depict
t.
plant
a
given vegetative
subcordata Blume
1880, the latter belonging
3. When
MP 750
8.
variety
imagine
homonym
of M.
coccids found within the
sedentary
Fig.
Irian
m
lines from
without
was
hidden, the baby
regarded
at
present accept
de Wilde. The
name
opened ant-cavity
some
of Polak
20 minute young
deemed to be able
creatures
taxon
W.J. de Wilde, 1.c.: 331.
bialatae
masculi
affinis,
sed foliorum
interiore verruculoso
nov.
Fig.
inferiore
pagina
differt.
—
—
Typus:
collected).
4
tomento
Polak
MP
persistenti denso,
1283
(L holo; BO
Jaya.
high. Twigs
petiole
to
than 0.1
base
stout, 4-5
mm
diam. towards the apex, subterete with faint
petiole, light brown, partially hollow with incidental ant-holes,
mm,
at
first with minute
brown
bright
tomentum
or
oblong,
broadest
at
or
broadly rounded, sometimes shallowly
nerves
the midrib, line of
20-40
mm,
by
5
mm,
mm or
less,
not
above the middle, 20-32
cordate, apex
papillose,
acute or
glabrescent,
nerves
brown
to
5
mm,
as
glabrescent;
at an
angle
by
acute-
dense
slightly
of 60-80° with
faint; tertiary veining indistinct; petiole stout,
the
twigs;
mm or
low the leaves; of the Knema- type, i.e. in male
peduncle
without dots; midrib flat or
20-23 per side, flat or sunken above,
interarching
with dense brown stellate hairs 0.1
a stout
of
older bark striate with scattered lenticels. Leaves: blades
of pale hairs 0.1
raised above,
to
12).
acuminate; the upper surface olivaceous, the lower surface with persistent
tomentum
M.
heterophylla Fern.-Vill.,
non-myrmecophilous (see below,
as
chartaceous, elliptic-oblong
cm,
plant
but the above
with this combina-
de Wilde, 1.c.: 330.
swellings, early glabrescent,
hairs less
hollrungii,
1.
verruculosa W.J. de Wilde, spec.
Myristicae
perianthii
an ant-
Knema.
W. J. de Wilde, 1.c.: 332, f. 2e (once
Tree, 15
a
W.J.
pedunculata
iso),
M.
to
and
well-developed leaves;
normal appearance in what I
W. J. de Wilde, 1.c.: 332.
Myristica
8-13
to
paucifructa
var.
e. var.
also
W.J.
is
leptantha
c. var.
to
belong
cannot
invalid later
with distinct feet
see
hagensis
var.
This
d.
of the
an
are a
well
removed, it appeared that underneath a flock of
around;
move
b.
one
was
provided
ones
with hollow, non-alate stem, and
morindiifolia (Blume)
var.
K. Schum. is
heterophylla
can
characters do not, and I
according
hollrungii. Warburg's drawing
with distinct ant-hole, and reduced leaves in between
tion of traits. The reduced leaves
M.
which is in BO,
duplicate
is M.
asserts
the inflorescence and separate flower
as
the
seen
not
and which he
(1968: 410),
bracts
terminal leaf bud slender,
less.
Inflorescences
simple
or
forked,
to
axillary
10 mm
of
15-20
or
long,
be-
with
minute, caducous; male inflorescences
178
Fig.
b.
BLUMEA
4.
Myristica
leaf,
x
0.25;
bracteole drawn
verruculosa W.J. de Wilde,
c. male
flowers,
separately,
x
6;
the
1283, type;
e, f: Polak MP 697).
a.
mature
d. male
flower, perianth lengthwise opened,
MP
—Vol.
x
6;
43,
1,
Habit of leafy
perianth
inflorescence
f.
No.
portion
of
in
bud
with
twig
1998
twig
with male
inflorescences,
x
0.5;
lengthwise opened, (sub)persistent
one
with
flower
blooming,
infructescence,
x
x
0.5;
0.5
e.
female
(a—d:
Polak
W. J.J.O. de Wilde:
with clusters
low brown
long
as
of
the
with hairs
10-11
perianth,
acute, 4-4.5
oblong, (10—) 12 by
acute,
not
acute, 4-5
glabrous, acutish,
c.
4
bracteole
inserted
apical
long,
mm
mm;
the
at
i.e.
8—9(?) (i.e.
c.
mealy,
ovoid(-oblong),
mm
bracteole oval,
ing,
5
c.
(-0.2)
hairs 0.1-0.2
slightly hooded,
(inch stigma
mm.
c.
lobes
5
pedicel 2(-2.5)
than 0.1
2.5
1.5 mm)
mm
by
3
tomentum
long,
with
mm,
mm,
tomentum
rusty, of hairs
1-3
Clear exudate. Leaves
pale
c.
0.5
mm;
mm
0.8
by
mm,
Lower 1/3 of the
visible with
perianth
lobes
a
of
mm,
taper-
hairs 0.1
appressed
3.5-5
long,
in bud
1.5
c.
ovary ovoid,
base broadly
(ovoid-)oblong,
seed
at
sub-
sterile apex
5-6
mature
4-5
by
to
buds of various size;
long, (sub)persistent,
thick, fruiting pedicel
mm
mm.
perianth
mm
8
c.
perianth
fleshy,
±
contiguous,
finely irregularly warted, clearly
apical portion,
c.
male
1/3,
as
rhomboid,
long, synandrium oblong,
of clusters of 1-3 fruits; fruits
Infructescences
rounded, apex acute,
pericarp
mm;
or
the apex bluntish
the bud for
17 thecae),
in lower half with hairs less
narrowed in the
stout, about
mature
tapered,
androphore slender, cylindrical,
surface inside conspicuously
minutely yel-
age,
pedicel
pedicel;
splitting
lens. Female flowers in sessile clusters of 5-10, with
tomentum
to
179
Guinea
ovate-broad-triangular
the base somewhat
mm,
anthers
mm,
0.2-0.3
minutely pale pubescent
perianth
mm,
according
Maleflowers stout;
mm.
thick; androecium (8—) 10
mm
1.5-2
by
1.5
4-5
lobes
3-angular,
0.5(—0.8)
by
0.1
c.
(sub)persistent,
mm,
in bud
sutures
of different size
10(-20) flowers,
pubescent
New
Myrmecophilous species of Myristica from
2.5
by
ellipsoid-oblong,
cm,
dry
2.5-3
cm
long.
Field-notes
1
c.
cm
Distribution
lrian
Jaya (West
the latter in the ISIR research
forest
on
Notes
Bombarai Peninsula and Bird's Head,
Guinea):
E of
limestone area
Sorong,
verruculosa is related
Myristica
and M. subcordata, and
hollrungii,
species
New
area,
of the Bismarck
is distinct from all these
perianth, however,
Archipelago
by
distinct ant-holes in the
var.
areas,
lar
velata)
equally
persistent
twigs,
glabrescent
and much
structure
and further
within the
differing by
lower leaf surface; M.
by having
(sub)glabrous leaves;
less
(5
or
Myristica
new
and M.
or
close
bialata has
M.
to
perianth.
a
a
ingrata,
M.
bialata,
new
species
A warty inner
species
much
with
species
similarly
is
a
species
re-
mostly
(ex-
of swampy
M. subcordata, with simi-
more
narrow
stout
male
perianths,
male flowers, but dif-
6) anthers, shorter perianth lobes, and the (almost) absence
a
glabrescent
lower leaf surface,
densely
short
felty
in
species.
2. Because of the resemblance in habit of the present
incomplete
secondary
much smaller flowers and
hollrungii
leaf indumentum, has much smaller and
of a warty inner surface; it has
the present
m,
resembling
fissiflora (subsp. fissiflora),
with smaller flowers and
with caducous bracteole.
fers
450
in East New Guinea. The present
the fine warty
is shared with M.
to
especially morphologically
lated, but with deeper cleft male perianth. Myristica ingrata is
cept
at c.
Pawiah ksiah.
name
l.
,
a
yellow brown,
soil.
clay
Vernacular
M.
brown below. Flowers
long.
sterile
specimens
species
with other
species,
may have been mislaid especially underM. subcordata
hollrungii.
3. This
new
species
can
be inserted into the key
to
New Guinean species of Myristica
(De Wilde, 1995: 258) by changing leads 163 & 164
as
follows:
180
BLUMEA
163a.
43,
Vol.
1998
1,
No.
M. simulans
(unchanged)
b.
Male
perianth
about (or
12 mm
c.
nearly)
as
long
long
less, with hairs 0.1-0.5
or
the
as
long; androphore
mm
synandrium, mostly (partly) pubescent.
various
163-bis
a.
Leaves of medium size,
3-4.5
ellipsoid-oblong,
able in size, 2.5-5
mm
i.e. 12-24
long;
anthers
persistent;
long; fruiting pedicel
cm
Mature male
long.
cm
bracteole
1-3
mm
b. Leaves medium
large,
or
1-10
larger. Fruiting pedicel
164a. Mature male
12-35
in bud
perianth
mm
cm
b. Mature male perianth
thers 8
oblong,
(subsp. papuana)
perianth
in bud much
164
almost
± narrow,
or
tubiform, (6.5-)7-8(-10)
mm
6. Perianth inside towards base smooth.
10-12
mm
9. Perianth inside towards base
or
Mature male
long, fruiting pedicel
±
in bud
Fruit vari-
long
bracteole caducous; anthers 5
Fruit (3.5-)4-5.5
long.
cm
perianth
(3 —)5.
long
M. inutilis
long;
Fruit
163-bis
1-10
mm
M. subcordata
long
..
bracteole (sub)persistent;
long;
an-
Fruit unknown
finely warty.
M. verruculosa
Collections
seen
Polak MC 697 (female fl., fr.),
—
PolakNT 11450 (sterile
ecological plot-specimen);
de
Polak MC 1283 (male,
Vogel
9693
(fr.); Moll
type),
BW13007
(male fl., fr.).
ENUMERATION
(liable to
9.
OF
Myristica hollrungii Warb.,
Blumea 40
NON-MYRMECOPHILOUS
be confused with
Mon.
TAXA
myrmecophilous taxa)
Myrist. (1897) 490,
t.
19, 1-2; W.J. de Wilde,
289.
(1995)
albertsii Warb., M.
Synonyms: Myristica
K. Schum.
heterophylla
(p.p.),
M. euryo-
carpa Warb.
Note
but it
ficially
as
—
This
species
sometimes has hollow
be inhabited
never seems to
it may resemble
closely related,
as
some
by
twigs
ants, and it
and
never
forms of M. subalulata
discussed
by
has
Miq.,
Sinclair (1968:411).
lined
usually
or
ridged twigs,
ant-perforations.
with which it is
Super-
regarded
However, it is quite distinct in
its male flowers and fruit.
10.
inutilis A.
Myristica
(1995)
Gray subsp.
This variable
taxon
can
hardly
confused with those of the very
specimens
never
on
papuana (Markgr.) W.J. de Wilde, Blumea 40
293.
may recall
hollow,
nor
be taken
myrmecophytes
ridged,
and
at
as
myrmecophilous,
variable M. subcordata
in
vegetative
but
specimens
(see below)
can
be
of which certain
habit. Branches of M. inutilis
are
present the species is somewhat arbitrarily separated
male flower characters.
11.
Myristica pachycarpidia
A
montane
angled
species only
and hence
subcordata
var.
superficially
gigacarpa
W.J. de Wilde, Blumea 40
(1995)
known from the type. It has solid
resemble certain
also is
312.
twigs
which
are
strongly
myrmecophilous.Myristicas. Myristica
mountainous,
but has subterete
twigs.
W.J.J.O. de Wilde:
12.
Myristica
This
subalulata
variety
M. subalulata as
Mt
area
Hagen
Miq.
Sinclair
accepted by
to
create
13.
coriaceous leaves. This variation was
by
Myristica
subcordata Blume,
by
which
the absence of
discussed
briefly
collections from the
some
Highlands Prov.)
up with other materialof M. subalulatabut differs
and
181
differentiation in the variable
some
It consists of
(1968).
New Guinea, Western
(Papua
Guinea
W.J. de Wilde. Blumea 40 (1995) 330.
hagensis
var.
described in order
was
New
Myrmecophilous species of Myristica from
by
link
obviously
ant
inhabitation
Sinclair (1968: 394).
1 (1837) 186; W.J. de Wilde, Blumea 40
Rumphia
(1995)333.
Distribution
Synonyms:
b.
(notably
var.
morindiifolia).
subcordata; W.J. de Wilde, 1.c.: 333.
a. var.
Warb.
in New Guinea
Wide-spread
—
Myristica fatua
W.J. de Wilde, 1.c.:
gigacarpa
var.
known from the type
Only
Houtt.
subcordata (Blume)
var.
?M.
Miq.,
wallacea
Warb.
keyensis
var.
and
333
one
additional
collection in
montane
New
Papua
Guinea.
c.
var.
morindiifolia(Blume) W.J.
Synonyms:
J. Sinclair,
d.
var.
dense
BO),
Twigs
Irian
ridged
nor
rather
flat
and
pale
by
or
5-9.5
contrasting
Knema-type,
c.
0.1
at
paler
mm
the base
ellipsoid,
with the
2.5-3
Known
Note
—
eral habit
Ecology
on
—
limestone
Myristica
as
well
aspera
(L;
only
as
and fissured
iso
c.
about the middle;
pale yellowish
short,
Female flower
1
mm
at
by
first
nu-
oblong-
or
nerves
brown dense
5(—10) by
long.
Fruit
+
3-5
mm,
sessile, ovoid-oblong,
of hairs
c.
0.5
2.5-
solitary, ellipsoid,
broadly rounded, top subacute, dry pericarp
mm;
c.
3
fruiting pedicel
under the fruit,
scar
mm
stout,
of bracteole
cm.
from collections from
Polak 697; Ridsdale CER 2342\ de
Habitat &
9757
twigs. Inflorescences (female) of
perianth persisting
from forest
or
high; petiole
colour of the
with hairs
base
cm,
long, frequently
—
conspicue
Vogel
rough, flaky
1-2
Distribution
de
diam. towards the apex, bark
tomentum
seed
cortice
Typus:
coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, oblong,
2- (or 3-)flowered.
sessile,
1.5-2.5
mm
thick, with powdery (light) brown
mm
—
conspicuously
broadest
cm,
with the
narrowed towards the apex,
3.5(-4) by
juventis
distincta.
sunken above; lower surface with
indumentum of hairs
dark brown,
aliis in ramulis
pallenti
lined, solid, 5-8
lenticels. Leaves:
17-30
pairs,
not seen;
morindiifolia (Blume)
var.
nov.
verrucoso-fissurata
soon
elongated
short-felty
the
fatua
Bird's Head.
Jaya,
terete, not
lanceolate,
25-35
var.
subcordatae Blume varietatibus
lenticellato
blackish brown,
merous
M.
M. multinervia A.C. Sm.
rimosa W. J. de Wilde,
Ab M.
de Wilde, 1.c.: 334.
Myristica morindiifolia Blume,
Forest
on
bedrock;
Vogel 9757',
sandy
50-300
or
m
western
Bird's Head, Irian
Jaya:
Schram BW 6099.
clayey soil, presumably
altitude. Fl. & fr. in
subcordata is, like M. inutilis,
accepted
as
in details of flowers and fruits, e.g. in the
all collections
May.
very variable, in gen-
length
of the
fruiting
182
BLUMEA
and
pedicel
solid
length
of
and is
certain
myrmecophytic species.
and the present
var.
Of both varieties
1998
1,
may
in
has
species
mostly completely
devoid of ant-inhabitation.Stout
completely
morindiifolia,
var.
No.
43,
of the hairs of the indumentum. The
(sub)terete twigs,
especially
Vol.
general
appearance
As remarked with the
of
description
rimosa, their taxonomic status is provisional and
sufficient material of male flowers
is
specimens,
be confused with those of
var.
not
gigacarpa,
at
all settled.
Both varieties may
lacking.
represent separate species, resembling M. subcordata. Var. rimosa also may be
vari-
a
ety of M. verruculosa.
subcordata
Myristica
1
mm
14.
long)
Sing.
Habitat &
sulcata Warb.,
ficially
—
distinct
clearly
the
by
rough, flaky
apparently persistent perianth (with
Monogr. Myrist. (1897),
and lenti-
hairs about
—
lowland
dryland
334.
40(1995)
forest.
with rather stout, solid,
species
confused with
In
19, f. 1-2; J. Sinclair, Gard.
t.
in New Guinea.
Wide-spread
Ecology
This
—
The
23 (1968) 396; W.J. de Wilde, Blumea
Distribution
Note
twigs.
under the fruit is remarkable.
Myristica
Bull.
rimosa is
var.
cellate-fissuredbark of the
sharply 2-angled twigs
may be super-
myrmecophilous species.
a
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This
article
work
of the
northern
ISIR
Irian
as
the
by
project
in
discovery
West Bird's
of Myristica taxa not
for
the
translating
usual the fine
Irian
Head,
Jaya through cooperation
Veldkamp (L)
vided
incited
was
of
the
diagnoses of
Bogor
the
seen
before,
Jaya (1994-1996)
new
and Harvard
taxa
collected
and
during
field-
general collecting
Herbaria.
into Latin. Mr. J.H.
I thank
Dr.
Os
(L)
van
in
J.F.
pro-
illustrations.
REFERENCES
Beccari,
O. 1884. Piante
ed illustrata
Bower,
De
da O.
ospitatrici
F.O. 1889. Proc. Phil.
Wilde, W.J. J.
O.
ossa
Beccari. Malesia
Soc.
piante
formicarie
2. Instituto
della
Malesia
Sordo-Muti,
Genova:
e
della
37,
Papuasia
descritte
1.
t.
18: 323.
Glasgow
1995. Census of Myristica
(Myristicaceae)
in New Guinea
anno
1994. Blumea
40: 237-344.
Maschwitz, U„
K.
Maschwitz, U.,
B.
J.
Dumpert,
(Capparaceae),
Jacobs
Fiala
Moog,
a new
&
J.V.
Lafrankie
myrmecophyte
K.E. Linsenmair.
unspecific myrmecophyte
&
Azarae.
I.Hj.
from Borneo.
1994. Clerodendrum
from Borneo with
1996.
Capparis
buwaldae
Blumea 41: 223-230.
fistulosum
(Verbenaceae):
spontaneously opening domatia.
Blumea 39:
an
143—
150.
Schumann,
Sinclair,
J.
Malesia.
K. M. & M.
Hollrung.
1889. Die Flora
1968. Florae Malesianae
Gard. Bull.
Warburg,
O. 1890.
Warburg,
O.
Sing.
Beitrage
1897. Nova
forscher68.
23:
zur
385,
Monographic
der
genus
Myristica
in
45. Berlin.
Malesia and outside
f. 64.
Kenntnis
Acta Abh.
von Kaiser Wilhelmsland:
Precursores XLII. The
der
papuanischen
der Kaiserl.
Myristicaceae:
Flora.
Leop.-Carol.
84-88.
Engl.
Bot.
Deutschen
Jahrb.
13:
Academie
309,
310.
der Natur-