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Earth’s History & Geologic Time Notes How Changes Occur on the Earth Plate Tectonics: theory of how Earth’s tectonic _______ plates move and ________ change in _______ shape 2-5cm a plates move an average of _______ year and in ______ three different ways How Changes Occur on the Earth convergent boundary: plates move ________ toward each other collide to form plates can _______ slide mountains or one plate can _____ ___________ ______ under another plate creating a line of volcanoes ___________ How Changes Occur on the Earth divergent boundary: plates move ______ away from each other land ______ forms here; could be new _____ continental new _______ ocean floor or ___________ crust How Changes Occur on the Earth transform boundary: plates slide _____ past each other creating _____ earthquakes _____________ How Changes Occur on the Earth Continental Drift: describes that as tectonic _______ plates move, ___________ continents have _______ moved with them changing the Earth’s surface Quick Write # 1 1. How does the Planet Earth Change? 2. List two directions that the plates move and what do they form? 3. What is Continental Drift? How fast are the plates moving apart per year? Affects of Earth Changes plates and continents ______ As _______ move apart there are many together and ______, consequences ocean currents and can ________ change how ______ _____ wind patterns flow on the Earth •these changes affect the _____ flow of _____ heat around the Earth which can cause _________ changes in ________ climate Ex: when the panama land bridge formed it changed the flow of the oceans. Warm tropical waters flowed between continents Gulf stream created. Moves warm water across the Atlantic Ocean giving western Europe a mild climate. Affects of Earth Changes formation of can cause the __________ habitats and new _________ environments can ________ destroy existing habitats and ______________ environments Ex: the panama land bridge also changed habitats and the distribution of organisms. Land animals not able to move between continents, however, sea animals were able to move between the oceans Allowed land animals to move between North & South America. Sea creatures were separated and some evolved into different species. Affects of Earth Changes organisms are _________ affected by the ____________ changes caused by plate tectonics adapt to the organisms will either _______ changes (evolve) or become ________ _________ extinct death of every •extinction: the _______ member of a _________ species Affects of Earth Changes some earth changes ____ can _______ result in mass ___________ extinction of organisms the ______ death of mass extinction: the _______ ______ many species around the ______ same time _____ Affects of Earth Changes gradual events, could be caused by _________ climate change and changes in like ________ catastrophic ocean currents, or _____________ asteroid impact events, like an _________ Geologic Time Scale Developed Geologic _________ Time Scale _____ ______ to break up Earth’s history smaller into ________ units ______ Geologic Time Scale divisions 4 major _________ Geologic time scale has ___ of time: Eons are the _____ largest ________ division, followed by eras then _____, periods and ________ epochs finally ________ smallest (the _________ division of the four) Geologic Time Scale divisions of the time scale are determined by _______ major ____________ changes in Earth’s history _________ changes in ______ living things, major _________ ___________ extinction of living things and Earth’s _________ surface changes in the ________ decide how to divide Earth’s history Quick Write # 2 4. Name 3 ways that the changes on Earth affect us. 5. Explain what is the Geologic Time Scale. Precambrian Time: 4.6 billion years ago – 542 million years ago prokaryotes First organisms called _____________ (cells without a nucleus) appeared in oceans more than ____ 3.6 billion years ________ ago Precambrian Time Cyanobacteria: type of prokaryote that photosynthesis to make own uses ________________ _____ food. released ________ oxygen into Photosynthesis _________ the atmosphere and began to build up over millions of years. Precambrian Time Oxygen build-up led to the formation of protected organisms ozone which __________ _______ radiation of the sun from the harmful _________ Allowed for development of _________ complex organisms to survive on organisms & for ___________ _____ land Precambrian Time After about 1 billion years ____________ eukaryotes appear (cells with a nucleus) began to _______ Invertebrates (animals ________ without backbones) developed near the ____ end of the _____________ Precambrian Quick Write # 3 6. What two types of living Organisms appeared during the Precambrian Time? 7. Which one gave Earth oxygen and why was this imporatant? Paleozoic Era: 542 – 251 million years ago parts hard body ______ First organisms with _____ (shells, exoskeletons & bones) evolved six periods Broken into ____ Paleozoic Era marine 1. Cambrian: ________ animals with hard body parts 2. Ordovician: early vertebrates appeared backbones ) with ____________ (animals _____ Paleozoic Era plant life 3. Silurian: ______ on land evolved fish 4. Devonian: ____ evolved and were dominant early __________; amphibians ____________ show up in the fossil record Paleozoic Era 5. Carboniferous: divided into Mississippian & Pennsylvanian in U.S. ______________ ● Mississippian: amphibians were ____________ dominant the __________ vertebrate ● Pennsylvanian: reptiles early ________ emerge Paleozoic Era 6. Permian: formation of the large Pangaea caused land mass called ________ habitat and loss of coastal _______ ____ climate change Paleozoic Era Period ended with a mass extinction of 90 % of all organisms due to _________ changes ____ in the _______________ environments caused by plate tectonics Quick Write #4 8. How long did the Paleozoic Era last? 9. What happened at the end of the Paleozoic Era? Mesozoic Era: 251 - 65 million years ago Age of ___________ Dinosaurs ” Era known as “_____ and broken into 3 periods transition 1. Triassic: time of ____________ dinosaurs evolved •small ___________ Mesozoic Era existed during much of the Triassic Pangaea ________ organisms left after allowed for ___________ spread over Permian mass extinction to ________ distribution of land (allowed for ____________ the _____ organisms) Mesozoic Era dinosaurs were __________ dominant 2. Jurassic: ___________ larger species of __________ _______ dinosaurs evolved Mesozoic Era breaks up throughout Pangaea __________ the period Mesozoic Era Birds are thought to have ________ ______ evolved from dinosaurs __________ Archaeopteryx: wings & _________ feathers like birds, but ______ teeth & ______ claws like dinosaurs Mesozoic Era 3. Cretaceous: dinosaurs still dominant; birds & mammal modern insect, ______ groups appear sequoias , and fir ______ trees pine, __________ evolved Mesozoic Era Flowering plants (angiosperms) are ___________ dominant today still __________ volcanic activity increased _________ Mesozoic Era Dinosaurs became ________ extinct at ___________ changing environments the end; __________ The real reason Dinosaurs went extinct… Dinosaur Extinction.wmv Quick Write # 5 10. What happened to Pangaea during the Mesozoic Era? 11. What happened at the end of this Era? Cenozoic Era: 65 million years ago to the present mammals were small, Early in Cenozoic ___________ but _________ evolved into many different forms over the era, including _______ larger _______ mammals Cenozoic Era Times of ___________ mountain building: Sierra Nevada, _________ Cascade & Andes Mountain ranges form Cenozoic Era cooler climates and ____ ice _____: Periods of _______ ages some ________ moved towards the species _______ others equator (warmer climates) and _______ extinct became ________ Era still ___________ continues today ____ Quick Write # 6 12. What happened during the Cenozoic era after mammals came on the seen? 13. When did the Cenozoic era end?
