Download Chapters 12 Take-Home Quiz

GEOLOGY 12
CHAPTER 12 TAKE-HOME QUIZ
INTERNAL STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES
PART B
Name _______________________
Score Part B = _______ / 55
CHAPTER 12 Isostacy and Structural Geology
1. Using the terms below, label the following diagrams and place arrows on the drawings that show
relative movement of the hanging wall and footwall.
normal fault
reverse fault
thrust fault
2. Brittle rocks tend to ________________ in response to stress.
3. Fractures in rock along which there is no movement or displacement are called _____________.
4. Fractures in rock along which movement has occurred are known as _________________.
5. When geologist talk about the _____________ of a rock layer, they refer to a compass direction
measured parallel to the earth's surface.
6. When geologist talk about the _____________ of a rock layer, they mean the tilt or angle of the
layer, measured down from the horizontal plane.
7. If a geologist said that a dike was oriented N35° E, s/he would be telling you the _____________
of the dike.
8. Which type of faulting commonly occurs as a result of tensional (pulling apart) stresses.
a. reverse fault
b. normal fault
c. thrust fault
d. strike-slip fault
9. Faults which show vertical motion are described as
a. dip-slip faults
b. oblique faults
c. thrust faults
d. strike-slip faults
10. From the view of an observer facing a strike-slip fault, the displacement across the fault is such
that features appear to have shifted to the left. What specific type of fault is this?
a. reverse fault
b. normal fault
c. right-lateral fault d. left-lateral fault
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11. If the hanging wall has moved up relative to the footwall, the fault is _______________.
12. If the hanging wall has moved down relative to the footwall, the fault is ________________.
13. A reverse fault with a very low angle plane is called a __________________ fault.
Use Figures 1-4 below to answer questions #14 to 25.
14. Referring to Fig. 1 feature "A" is called the ___________________
15. Referring to Fig. 1 feature "B" is called the ___________________
16. Referring to Fig. 2, which side of the fault is the hanging wall? __________
17. Referring to Fig. 2, which side of the fault is the footwall? ___________
18. Referring to Fig. 2, which side of the fault moved UP relative to the other? ___________
19. Referring to Fig. 2, what specific type of dip-slip fault is shown? ___________________
20. Referring to Fig. 3, which side of the fault is the hanging wall? ____________
21. Referring to Fig. 3, which side of the fault is the footwall? ____________
22. Referring to Fig. 3, which side of the fault moved down relative to the other? ____________
23. Referring to Fig. 3, what specific type of dip-slip fault is shown? ___________________
24. Referring to Fig. 4, what type of fault is pictured? __________________________
25. Referring to Fig. 4, is this a left or right lateral fault? ___________________________
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26.
Which of the following could be produced by compressional forces?
a. reverse faults
b. thrust faults
c. overturned folds
d. all of the above
27.
Which one of the following faults would most likely be formed by tensional forces
a. thrust
b. normal
c. reverse
d. strike-slip
28.
A transform fault is also a
a. joint set
b. strike-slip fault
c. dip-slip fault
d. oblique-slip fault
29.
In a reverse fault the
a. older rock may be pushed over younger rock
b. hanging wall move down relative to the footwall
c. blocks slip horizontally
d. forces involved are in tension rather than compression
30.
A fault along which there is only horizontal movement is called a
a. thrust
b. normal
c. reverse
d. strike-slip
31.
A fault along which there is movement in both the horizontal and vertical directions is called
a. transform fault
b. strike fault
c. reverse fault
d. oblique-slip fault
32.
Crustal thickening can be caused by all of the following except
a. thrust faulting
b. recumbent folding
c. reverse faulting
d. normal faulting
33.
A continent is in isostatic equilibrium. A large mountain range on the continent erodes
away. In response, the base of the continental crust will
a. rise
b. sink
c. not move
d. melt
34.
A folded structure which dips away from the centre in all directions is called
a. a dome
b. a basin
c. a syncline
d. an anticline
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35.
By definition, in an anticline
a. the limbs dip towards each other and the oldest rock are at the centre
b. the limbs dip towards each other and the youngest rocks are at the centre
c. the limbs dip away from each other and oldest rocks are at the centre
d. the limbs dip away from each other and the youngest rocks are at the centre
36.
In a syncline, the
a. oldest rocks are in the core of the fold
b. oldest rocks overlie younger units
c. youngest rocks are in the core of the fold
d. limbs dip away from each other
37.
The mountain belt that forms the western part of North America is called the:
a. Appalachian Mountains.
b. Himalayas.
c. North American Cordillera.
d. Ouachita Mountains.
38.
The craton:
a. is the portion of a continent with the highest mountains.
b. is the geologically stable portion of continents.
c. is the youngest portion of continents.
d. none of these.
39.
Precambrian shields:
a. are very ancient rocks representing the central cores of continents.
b. have been destroyed by subduction over time.
c. were once divergent plate margins.
d. were in existence at the time Earth formed.
40.
Folds and reverse faults in a mountain range suggest:
a. compressional stresses.
b. tensional stresses.
c. deep-water deposition of sediments.
d. all of these.
41.
Which is not a type of terrane?
a. exotic.
b. suspect.
c. accreted.
d. accumulated.
42.
Which of the following is a source of terranes?
a. micro-continents.
b. fragments of distant continents.
c. ocean crustal fragments.
d. all of these
43.
A mountain belt formed through ocean-continent convergence may contain:
a. fold and thrust belts.
b. thick accumulations of marine sedimentary rocks.
c. high-grade metamorphic rocks.
d. all of these.
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44.
The Himalayas, Appalachians, Alps and Ural Mountains formed as a result of:
a. continent-continent convergence.
b. ocean-continent convergence.
c. ocean-ocean convergence.
d. none of these.
45.
The Andes Mountains of South America and the Cascade Range of North America formed
as a result of:
a. ocean-ocean convergence.
b. continent-continent convergence.
c. ocean-continent convergence.
d. none of these.
46.
It would appear that most mountain ranges form as a result of:
a. some form of convergent tectonics.
b. some form of divergent tectonics.
c. some form of transform tectonics.
d. none of these.
Refer to the diagram below to answer questions #47 to 50.
47. What is the name of the type of fault labeled L? __________________________
48. What type of forces (compressional, tensional or sheer) would have produced a fault of this
type? __________________________
49. What is the name of fold type K? __________________________
50. At which type of PLATE BOUNDARY would fold type K most likely have been produced?
__________________________
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51. In the space provided below, sketch and clearly label a cross section that contains an anticline
cut by a reverse fault.
(3 marks)