Download Folds in rocks - Colyton High School

Folds in rocks
crystallisation
mantle
upwards
mountain
rocks
folds
compressive
shells
metamorphosed
oil
sandstone
anticline
forces
downwards
volcanoes
Some of the largest _______ ranges in the world contain sedimentary rocks. For example, the rocks in Mt Everest
were originally laid down under water, and fossil _______ have been found in some of the rocks on the mountain.
Also, many of the rock layers in these mountains are bent and buckled. Huge ________ caused by movements in the
________ cause changes in the Earth’s crust. These forces result in the formation of________, and the uplifting and
buckling of the solid_______. When this happens the rocks form_________. The folds which bend _______ to form a
U- shape are called synclines. Those that bend ________ like a dome are called anticlines. During folding the rocks in
a syncline are subject to enormous compressive forces. As a result the rock may be ________ (changed) to form new
minerals, often containing large crystals. The ________ forces may also cause the top of an anticline to crack. Later
on, various mineral solutions may flow through these rocks and ________ may occur. Anticlines can also form a trap
for ______, which tends to move upwards through porous rocks like_________. However, it cannot move through
nonporous rocks like shale. As a result, oil is sometimes trapped in an________. This oil can be tapped by drilling into
the anticline.
Faults
The following sentences are out of sequence. Place them in the correct order rewrite the sentences as a
complete paragraph.
Sometimes rocks crack as a result of the huge forces acting on them. Once movement occurs along a crack, it is
called a fault.
The San Andreas Fault in California is a transform fault. It stretches about 1200 kilometres along the coast,
passing through San Francisco and to the north of Los Angeles.
The movement along these faults is responsible for the occasional earthquakes in the Adelaide area.
The Gulf region of South Australia has been formed by a series of faults. Two blocks of crust have dropped
down between faults to form Spencer Gulf and Gulf St Vincent.
Between these sunken blocks, which are called rift valleys, is a block that has been pushed upwards by the
forces below. This block, called a horst, has formed Yorke Peninsula.
A large movement of the blocks on either side of this fault line in 1989 created a major earthquake in San
Francisco, killing at least 62 people.
The earthquakes experienced in this area in recent years appear to be caused by a build-up of pressure along
the fault.
If movement along a fault is sideways, that is, where the blocks of crust slip horizontally past each other, it is
termed a transform fault.
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Describe what folding is and how it is caused.
Explain why the Himalayas are still growing in height.
Recall the difference between a syncline and an anticline.
Explain what causes earthquakes along the San Andreas Fault.
How can you differentiate between a reverse fault and a normal fault?
Describe three types of fault that occur in rocks.
Identify the type of fault that is created when a rock is pulled apart.
Identify an example of a landform that has been created by a fault.