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The Pantheon The Pantheon is perhaps Rome’s second most famous building after the Colosseum The word Pantheon comes from the Greek words “pan” and “theion” meaning “all the gods” It was literally a place for Romans to worship all the gods in their religion THE PANTHEON The Pantheon Cont’d The Pantheon is the largest unreinforced solid concrete dome in the world It was built around 126 AD by the emperor Hadrian Pantheon Cont’d The Oculus (8 metres wide) is the only source of light into the temple The inside of the dome is covered with coffers, which are decorative inset squares The coffers were meant to lessen the weight of the ceiling (a heavy dome would have collapsed) Pantheon Cont’d The Pantheon feature many elements borrows from the Greeks Greek style pediments were placed over the interior columns Corinthian capitals were also placed on the columns, which were originally designed by Greek artists and architects Pantheon Cont’d The front of the Pantheon was inspired by Greek architecture and featured a portico in the post and lintel style found in many Greek and early Roman temples The floor on the inside of the Pantheon featured a floor that was slightly slopped to allow draining (water made its way in from the oculus) The Roman Empire: Sculpture Roman Sculpture The Romans preferred sculptures that were more realistic than the idealized sculptures of the Greeks Human sculptures were often busts of important people (like emperors) Emperor Augustus One of the most famous sculptures of a Roman emperor Augustus was the first Roman emperor, and took Rome from a republic to an empire This sculpture is from the 1st c. AD Roman Sculpture Cont’d Roman sculpture borrowed a lot from the Greeks More often than not, Greek artists either worked in Rome or were hired to copy Greek works of art Most of today’s surviving examples of Greek art are actually Roman copies made by Greek and Roman artists Some Examples Examples If you look closely you can notice one major similarity in all the sculptures All of these examples are made of marble The original Greek works were likely made of bronze In order for the marble copies to stand upright and not break they needed something to lean against, which is why most of the figures are standing next to a tree stump (or something similar) Roman Sculpture Cont’d In summary, Roman sculpture was very similar to that of the Greeks Greek artists continued to thrive in Roman society, as the Romans were very impressed with the Greeks Roman sculpture tended to be more realistic rather than ideal, which is why figures are seen with wrinkles and appear aged Roman Sculpture Cont’d GREEK Compare Roman sculptures tended to show age, whereas Greek sculptures idealized the human body and made figures appear muscular and youthful ROMAN The End The Romans borrowed a lot from the Greeks, especially their art and architecture They did however innovate and invent many of their own things (the arch, concrete, etc.) The Roman empire was at one point the largest empire in the world and spanned from Great Britain to the Middle East and North Africa Their language, Latin (which again was influenced by Greek) became the basis for many European languages (French, Italian, Spanish)