Download Introduction of Regional Anatomy

Introduction of
Regional Anatomy
Jin Lianzhou 金联洲
Office: Room A219, Building 07
Labs: Room A215, Building 10
E-mail: [email protected]
Cell: 15157761503, 671503
QQ: 1027083345
Books
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Grant’s dissector
Gray’s anatomy for students
Netter’s atlas
Importance of the regional
anatomy
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If anatomy is simply memorised and not
understood, it will soon be forgotten. The
practice of good medicine requires a
significant knowledge of anatomy
Dissecting material is both scarce and
immensely valuable; therefore you must
always scrupulously follow the instructions
and tutor, otherwise much time and effort
may be wasted.
Arrangement of the every
operation
At any time, only two members of a dissecting
table group are able to dissect
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Number 1: operator
Number 2: assistant
Those who are not dissecting should follow
both the text and dissection
Attitude of operations
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A good dissection should display clearly and cleanly the main
features of the region.
You should be as neat and accurate as you can, for a slovenly
dissector will be a slovenly doctor.
There must be no blind dissection, you must always have a
preliminary session with the manual to find out what main
structures are to be looked for, and where to expect to find them.
During dissection, in addition to reading the dissecting
instructions and dissecting, you should all the time be discussing
and questioning with your fellow students and with your tutors
matters such as the relation of the anatomy that is being dealt
with to development, function, and the related practical
importance.
Attitude to the cadaver
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You must always remember that former living
persons have donated their bodies for
medical studies in good faith.
Therefore the cadaver must be treated with
respect and dignity.
Improper behaviour in the dissecting
laboratory cannot be tolerated
The back
SKELETAL FRAMEWORK
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vertebrae
Skull
Scapulae
pelvic bones
ribs
Surface anatomy
SKIN INCISIONS
SUPERFICIAL
FASCIA
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Occipital artery
Greater occipital
nerve
Other posterior
rami
Muscles of the Back
Muscles of the Back (intrinsic)
Triangles of the Back
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The triangle of auscultation
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is bounded by the latissimus dorsi muscle, the trapezius
muscle, and the rhomboid major muscle. Within the
triangle of auscultation, intercostal space 6 has no
overlying muscles. This area is particularly well-suited for
auscultation (listening to sounds produced by thoracic
organs, particularly the lungs).
The lumbar triangle
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is bounded by the latissimus dorsi muscle, the external
oblique muscle, and the iliac crest. The floor of the lumbar
triangle is the internal oblique muscle of the abdomen. On
rare occasions, the lumbar triangle is the site of a lumbar
hernia.
The neck
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Compartments
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Visceral
Vertebral
Vascular
Triangles
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Anterior
Posterior
Fascia of the neck
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Superficial fascia
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Platysma
External jugular vein, anterior jugular vein
subcutaneous nerves (branches of cervical plexus)
Deep fascia
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Investing layer
Prevertebral layer
Pretracheal layer
Carotid sheath
Superficial venous drainage
Anterior jugular v.
External jugular v.
Anterior triangle of the neck
Muscles in the anterior triangle
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Suprahyoid muscles
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Stylohyoid
Digastric
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Infrahyoid muscles
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Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid
Vessels
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Common carotid arteries
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Internal carotid a.
External carotid a.
 superior thyroid a.
 ascending pharyngeal a.
 lingual a.
 facial a.
 occipital a.
 posterior auricular a.
 superficial temporal a.
 maxillary a.
Internal jugular vein
Ophthalmic v.
Pterygoid plexus
Facial v.
Superficial
temporal v.
Cavernous sinus
Emissary v.
Deep facial v.
Retromandibular v.
Internal jugular
vein
Maxillary v.
Nerves
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Facial nerve [VII]
Glossopharyngeal
nerve [IX]
Vagus nerve [X]
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superior laryngeal
nerve
 Internal
 external
Accessory nerve [XI]
Hypoglossal nerve
[XII]
Ansa cervicalis
Thyroid and parathyroid
glands
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Arterial supply
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Venous drainage
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Superior thyroid
artery
Inferior thyroid artery:
a branch of the
thyrocervical trunk
Superior, middle and
inferior thyroid veins
Parathyroid glands
Posterior triangle of the neck
Muscles
Vessels
Arteries
Nerves
Root of the neck
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Arteries
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Nerves
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Subclavian
arteries
Phrenic nerves
Vagus nerves
Sympathetic
nerves
Lymphatics