Download The Cell

Section: 2.1
Name:
Question of the Day:
Review of Old Information:
1. Which elements compose 90% of living things?
2. These elements do not exist by themselves in nature, but instead form compounds
through chemical bonding? What are the two types of bonds we discussed in the first
section?
3. Elements build and break bonds through chemical reactions. During thesis reactions,
different types of energy can be transferred. What is the difference between exergonic
and endergonic reactions?
4. What are the four important macromolecules that exist in living things? Give and
example if each.
New Information:
We tend to only think of animals as living. However, there is a great diversity of
organisms that we consider “living” (including bacteria, fungi, plants, AND animals). What is it
that makes something alive? Why are you alive? Use pages 11-13 in your textbook to identify
the six characteristics of ALL living things.
1. Cells
All living things are composed of _______________. These cells undergo differentiation to
become specialized for different functions. For example, you have brain cells, blood cells,
muscle cells, skin cells, all serving different purposes in your body
Some living things are made of ONE cell, and are called _______________. Other organisms
are composed of many cells, and are called ______________. (SEE PAGE 6)
2. Organization
All living things are highly organized at the _______________ and ______________ levels.
Plants and animals actually have groups of cells that work together to form specific functions.
We call these “organs.”
3. Energy Use
All living things use and need energy to survive. The sum of all chemical processes in an
organism is called _____________.
Some living things (like plants) capture energy from the sun and turn it into energy stored in
chemical bonds. We call this process ______________, and these organisms
_______________. Other organisms (like animals) must take in food to meet their energy
needs. We call these organisms ______________. (SEE PAGE 10)
4. Homeostasis
What are two examples of why living things need to use homeostasis to survive?
5. Growth
Living things grow as a result of __________, __________, and _______________.
About how many cells is your body composed of? How many cells did you begin as?
6. Reproduction
All species of organisms have the ability to reproduce.
When the hereditary information (DNA or RNA) of two organisms is combined, and the
offspring is a mixture of both parent organisms, this is called _______________ reproduction.
If one parent produces and identical copy of itself, it is called _______________ reproduction.
(SEE PAGE 7)
The Cell: Cells are the microscopic building blocks of which all organisms are made.
Inside cells are even smaller structures that carry out specific functions, and help
distinguish the different types of cells found within living organisms. Today, you will use
the book to outline the discoveries that led to the development of the cell theory, state the
cell theory, distinguish between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and identify the function of
the nucleus.
Pg. 69-72
Who were the first two people to discover the cell?
How did they discover the cell?
Why did they call their discovery the cell?
Who was the first person to examine living cells?
The culmination of their discoveries produced “the cell theory” which states that
1.
2.
3.
Cell Types: Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
Identify the main differences between the two types of cells and from pg. 72 and identify
which cell is a prokaryotic cell and which is a eukaryotic cell.
Difference between the two cells?
1. Eukaryotic:
2. Prokaryotic:
Label by the picture which cell is a prokaryote and which cell is a eukaryote.
Define prokaryotic cell:
What is one example of a prokaryotic cell?
Define eukaryotic cell:
What are two large examples of eukaryotic cells?
Which type of cell is only found in unicellular organisms?
Which type of cell is found in unicellular organisms and multi-cellular organisms?
Nucleus pg. 81
All cells that have a membrane bound nucleus are _______________________________cells.
What macromolecule is stored inside the nucleus?
What is the function of the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell?
Eukaryotic Cell
Nucleus
Cell Types: Plant vs. Animal pg. 81
Why are plant and animal cells considered eukaryotic cells?
When looking at the drawing, what are some differences that you see between the plant and
animal cell? Hint: the plant cell has three structures not found in animal cells?
Differences:
1.
2.
3.
Plant cells have three additional structures that are not found in animal cells. Complete the
chart by identifying the structures or their function within the plant cell.
NAME
Cell Wall
FUNCTION
Fluid filled organs, occupy 90% of the plants
volume, store metabolic waste and enzymes.
Plastids
Activity: Microscope Lab. See attached.