Download Elements and Compounds power point

Elements
and
Compounds
vocabulary
word!
• matter – anything that has mass and takes up
space.
vocabulary
word!
• atom - The atom is the smallest unit of a
substance that maintains the properties of
that substance.
• It is so small, it would take a million atoms
lined up to equal the thickness of a human
hair.
• Everything you can touch, taste, feel, or smell
is made of atoms.
vocabulary
word!
• element – a substance that is made entirely
of one type of atom.
• Is abbreviated with a one to three letter
symbol.
• Only the first letter is capitalized.
• Always printed, never in cursive.
copper
Cu
• Find copper on your periodic table.
• What is the symbol for copper?
iron
Fe
• Find iron on your periodic table.
• What is the symbol for iron?
salt (sodium chloride)
NaCl
sodium and
chlorine
• Find salt on your periodic table.
• What is the symbol for salt?
• What is salt made of?
chalk (calcium carbonate)
CaCO3
Calcium,
carbon and
oxygen
• Find chalk on your periodic table.
• What is the symbol for chalk?
• What is chalk made of?
Atomic Bonding
• Atoms can form chemical bonds with other
atoms.
• When they bond, they can form molecules or
compounds.
vocabulary
word!
• molecule – a group of atoms held together by
attractive forces called chemical bonds.
• It can be two of the same element like
breathable oxygen O2, or ozone O3.
• Or it can be two different elements like water
H2O.
vocabulary
word!
• compound – a molecule that contains at least
two different elements.
• Is it an element or compound?
Br Rb NO3 V
NaCl O2 CO2 Pb
• All matter on Earth is made up of elements
• Biotic (living) organisms are made mostly of 6
elements.
–
–
–
–
–
–
Sulfur
Phosphorous
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Carbon
Hydrogen
•SPONCH
Organic Elements
Sulfur
• pale yellow, odorless solid
• minor part of fats, body fluids
and skeletal minerals
• key component of proteins
• dangerous if inhaled as
hydrogen sulfide
16
S
32.066
Sulfur
Sulfur
• Found in meteorites, volcanoes, hot
springs
• sulfur dioxide is part of acid rain
Sulfur
• Find sulfur on the periodic table and color it yellow
Phosphorus
• needed to make DNA
• part of bones and teeth
• there are several types
– white, red, and black
• It combusts spontaneously in air
• part of ATP (what cells use for energy)
15
P
30.974
Phosphorus
Phosphorus Cycle
Phosphorus
• Find phosphorous on the periodic table and color it yellow
Oxygen
• necessary for life on Earth
• around 21% of the atmosphere is
oxygen
• component of water
• makes up 65% of the human body
• Third most abundant element in
the sun
8
O
15.999
Oxygen
Oxygen
• Find oxygen on the periodic table and color it yellow
Nitrogen
• usually a colorless, odorless gas
• major part of proteins
• nitrogen makes up 70% of the Earth’s
atmosphere.
• used to make fertilizers
• plants need nitrogen to stay healthy
7
N
14.007
Nitrogen
Nitrogen
• The nitrogen cycle is very important for life
Nitrogen
• Find nitrogen on the periodic table and color it yellow
6
Carbon
• carbon is key to life and is present in
all organic compounds.
• Carbon is found free in nature in
three forms:
graphite
coal
C
12.011
Carbon
diamond
Carbon
•
•
•
•
•
•
Makes up 18.5% of the human body
Carbon is in the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide
Dissolved in all natural water
Component of many rocks like limestone
Makes up fossil fuels
It is found in abundance in the sun,
stars, comets, and atmospheres of
most planets.
Modern Model
Bohr Model
Carbon
• Can have 4 different bonds with other
elements
– straight chains
– branched chains
– rings
straight chain
branched chain
ring
Carbon
• Find carbon on the periodic table and color it yellow
Hydrogen
• Lightest element
• Most abundant element in the universe
– Make up 75% of the mass of the universe
• Only 1 proton in the nucleus
• In the atmosphere
• Part of water
1
H
1.008
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
•
•
•
•
Makes up 9.5% of the human body
Hydrogen is a major component of the sun and stars
Jupiter is made mostly of hydrogen
Hydrogen can be explosive
The Hindenburg
Hydrogen
• Find hydrogen on the periodic table and color it yellow
• All matter on Earth is made up of elements
•SPONCH
Organic Elements
How many did you have on your list? Correct
them if they are incorrect.
Human Body
1. oxygen (O)
65%
2. carbon (C)
18%
3. hydrogen (H)
10%
Earth’s crust
1. oxygen (O)
47%
2. silicon (Si)
28%
3. aluminum (Al)
8%
4. nitrogen (N)
5. calcium (Ca)
6. potassium (K)
3%
1%
.4%
4. iron (Fe)
5. calcium (Ca)
6. sodium (Na)
5%
4%
3%
7. sulfur (S)
.3%
7. potassium (K)
3%
Human Body
0.4%
3%
1%
0.3%
10%
18%
65%
oxygen
carbon
hydrogen
nitrogen
calcium
potassium
sulfur
The Human Body
Earth’s Crust
3%
3%
4%
5%
8%
47%
28%
oxygen
silicon
aluminum
iron
calcium
sodium
potassium
vocabulary
word!
• organic compound - any compound that
contains carbon.
• All biotic (living) things on Earth have carbon
and are made of organic compounds.
hydrocarbons are made of carbon and
hydrogen.
plastics and
fuels
• What elements do you see in a plastic or fuel?
• What type of organic molecule is it?
carbohydrates = carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen
• What elements do you see?
• What type of organic molecule is it?
carbohydrates are made of carbon,
hydrogen and oxygen. They are used
as an energy source.
Draw this ->
• Also commonly called sugars, starches and
fiber.
fats (lipids) = carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen
• What elements do you see?
• What type of organic molecule is it?
lipids contain carbon, hydrogen and
oxygen arranged in branching chains.
Lipids are used for energy storage and
make up cell membranes.
Draw one of
these ->
proteins = carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
and nitrogen
• What elements do you see in?
• What type of organic molecule is it?
Proteins are composed of carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. They are
used for growth, repair, transport and
digestion.
Draw this ->
nucleic acid =carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, sulfur and phosphorous
DNA
and
RNA
• What elements do you see in DNA and RNA?
• What type of organic molecule is it?
Nucleic acids are made of carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur and
phosphorous. They are part of our
DNA and RNA.
Draw this ->
photosynthesis
• Look again at the chemical equation for
photosynthesis
sunlight
chlorophyll
6CO2 + 6H2O
C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
Are any of these elements? No
How many compounds do you see? 4
What elements make up these compounds?
Cellular respiration
• Cellular respiration takes place inside cells
(plant and animal).
• During respiration, glucose is broken down to
release energy (ATP) that is used to power all
life.
respiration
• Look again at the chemical equation for
respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
carbon, oxygen, hydrogen
Are any of these elements?
No
How many compounds do you see? 4
What elements make up these compounds?
interactive table
• If you complete the assignment, you may
spend some time on these sites exploring
elements:
• http://www.ptable.com/#Writeup/Wikipedia
• http://www.columbia.k12.mo.us/ojhs/newton
/recipiesformatter/theperiodictable/phy03_in
t_ptable/phy03_int_ptable.swf