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Biology EOC Review
Goal 1: The learner will develop an understanding of the physical, chemical and cellular
basis of life. (Chs. 1, 2, 7, 8 and 9)
1. What are the characteristics of living things:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
2. Explain the difference between biotic and abiotic factors.
Chemical processes and regulatory mechanisms of cells.
3. What is homeostasis?
4. How do cells maintain homeostasis, pH, temperature and salinity?
Bonding patterns.
5. Explain the following:
a. ionic bonds –
b. covalent bonds –
c. hydrogen bonds –
Energy use and release in biochemical reactions.
6. Which of the following stores energy? (Circle Your Answer) Making Bonds
Breaking Bonds
7. Which of the following releases energy? (Circle Your Answer)
Making Bonds Breaking Bonds
8. What is an organic compound?
9. Complete the table regarding the four types of organic molecules:
Organic Molecule:
Elements Present:
Building Blocks
(Monomers)
Carbohydrates
What do they do?
Example?
Lipids
Example?
Proteins
Example?
Nucleic Acids
Example?
Macromolecule test
Biology EOC Review
10. Match the test with the organic molecule (draw a line):
Test
Organic Molecule
Lipids (Fats/Oils)
Iodine Test
Carbohydrates (simple sugars)
Brown Paper Bag Test
Proteins
Benedicts
Carbohydrates (Starches)
Biuret
Describe the structure and function of cell organelles.
11. List the function and describe the structure of the following organelles:
a. nucleus
e. vacuoles
b. plasma membrane
f. chloroplast
c. cell wall
g. ribosomes
d. mitochondria
12. Which part of the microscope regulates light?
13. Draw the way a lowercase letter “e “ would look under a microscope:
Compare and contrast the structure and function of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
14. Explain the differences in size, chromosome structure, and organelles between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Assess and explain the importance of water to cells, as well as transport into and out of cells.
15. Explain why water is useful to cells.
16. Define:
a. active transport
b. passive transport
c. diffusion
d. osmosis
e. semipermeable membranes
17. Draw arrows to show which way water will move in each of the following situations:
a. Salt inside the cell = 65% and outside the cell 40%.
b. Sugar inside the cell 27% and outside 80%.
Describe the structure and function of enzymes and explain their importance in biological systems.
18. Define enzymes –
19. How do temperature and pH affect enzymes?
Biology EOC Review
20. Explain the lock-and-key model of enzymes and substrates.
Analyze the bioenergetic reactions. Integrated: compare / contrast aerobic, anaerobic, photosynthesis and
chemosynthesis
Photosynthesis, chemosynthesis and cellular respiration, including aerobic and anaerobic respiration
21. What are the following and which generates more ATP?
a. aerobic b. anaerobic –
22.What are 2 types of fermentation? What are the products?
23. Write the formula for aerobic respiration:
24. What are the steps of aerobic respiration, and where does each step take place?
25. What is chemosynthesis?
26. What is the formula for photosynthesis?
27. What is the equation for cellular respiration? How do the equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration
compare?
Goal: The learner will develop an understanding of the continuity of life and the changes of
organisms over time. (Chs. 10, 11, 12, 13, 14)
Analyze the molecular basis of heredity/DNA including:
28. Describe the structure of the DNA molecule.
29. Name the nitrogen bases found in DNA. Which ones pair together in the DNA molecule.
30. What type of bond forms between the nitrogen bases in DNA?
Replication
31. Describe the process of DNA replication.
Protein Synthesis.
32. List three differences between DNA and RNA:
1.
2.
3.
33. Describe the process of transcription and where it happens.
Biology EOC Review
34. Describe the process of translation and where it happens. (study the diagram on page 294)
35. What is a codon?
Compare and contrast the characteristics of asexual and sexual reproduction.
36. Compare and contrast Mitosis and Meiosis:
37. Be able to put pictures of cells in various stages of mitosis in order. (PMAT) (see p. 204 and 266)
38. Define:
a. diploid -
b. haploid -
39. a. What is crossing over?
b. When does crossing over occur?
c. What’s the benefit of crossing over?
d. Where does it occur?
40. What is the Law of Independent Assortment? How does it increase variation?
41. What is a mutation? How does it increase variation?
42. How can reproductive variations benefit a species?
Interpret and use the laws of probability to predict patterns of inheritance.
43. Define:
a. dominant b. recessive c. homozygous d. heterozygous –
e. genotype –
f. phenotype –
44. Sample Monohybrid Cross Question: In a genetics laboratory, two heterozygous tall plants are crossed. If tall is
dominant over short, what are the expected phenotypic results?
45. Sample Dihybrid Cross Question: The table below shows a cross between two pea plants both heterozygous for
yellow seeds (Bb) and round seeds (Rr). What phenotype ratio would you expect in the offspring?
RB
Rb
rB
rb
Biology EOC Review
RB
Rb
rB
rb
46. Sample Blood Type (Multiple Allele) Question: Mr. Jones has blood type A and Mrs. Jones has blood type AB.
What is the probability that they will have a child with blood type A if both of Mr. Jones’s parents were AB?
47. Be able to analyze a pedigree like the ones on pgs. 342-43 in your text. List the general rules used to analyze a
pedigree.
48. What is a polygenic trait?
49. Sample Sex-linked trait Question: Color blindness is a sex-linked recessive trait. A mother with normal color vision
and a color blind father have a color blind daughter. Which of the following statements is correct?
A All of their daughters will be color blind.
B All of their sons will be color blind
C All of their sons will have normal color vision.
D The mother is a carrier of the color blindness gene.
50. Describe Gregor Mendel’s pea plant experiments:
Assess the application of DNA technology to forensics, medicine, and agriculture.
51. How can DNA technology allow us to:
a. Identify an individual?
b. Identify a person’s parents?
c. Investigate a crime scene?
52. What is gene therapy?
53. How can genetic technology allow us to create human insulin using bacteria?
54. What is a transgenic organism and give an example?
55 What is cloning?
56. What is gel electrophoresis?
57. Be able to interpret a gel electrophoresis diagram (p. 356).
58. What are some ethical implications and dangers of biotechnology?
Analyze and explain the role of genetics and environment in health and disease.
59. Explain the interacting role of genetics and environment on human health.
60. Describe the following genetic diseases:
Biology EOC Review
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
sickle-cell anemia –
colorblindness –
cystic fibrosishemophiliaDown Syndrome (trisomy 21)Huntington’s Disease
61. Describe how genetics and environment affect:
a. cardiovascular diseaseb. diabetesc. cancerd. asthma62. What are the impacts of:
a. tobacco use –
b. radiation –
Patterns
63. What can we infer from the fossil record? Where do you find the oldest/youngest fossils?
64. Define and give an example:
a. speciationb. homologous structuresc.vestigial structuresd. biochemical similarities between speciese. Analogous structures
f.
Convergent evolution
g. Divergent evolution
Variation.
65. Define natural selection.
66. How are variation and natural selection related?
67. What is geographic isolation/temporal isolation/behavioral isolation?
68. What is speciation? The two main types (allopatric/sympatric), and what causes those?
Natural Selection.
69. Describe Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection:
Biology EOC Review
70. Define the following and explain how they are related to natural selection:
a. pesticide resistance –
b. antibiotic resistance –
Goal: The learner will develop an understanding of the unity and diversity of life. (Ch. 1822, 26 – 33, and 35 – 40)
Relate the variety of living organisms to their evolutionary relationships.
71. How does our modern classification system show the evolutionary relationship among organisms?
72. How has a knowledge of evolutionary relationships affected our understanding of:
a. biochemical analysisb. Fossil record
c. Embryological developmentClassification
73.
a. How are organisms classified?
b. What are the 3 domains of life?
c. List major defining characteristics for each of the following:
ArchaebacteriaFungiEubacteriaAnimalsProtistsPlants74. Are viruses living or nonliving? Explain.
75. What is a scientific name comprised of?
Be able to use a dichotomous key.
3.03a Organ systems of animals
76. Describe the function of the following systems:
a. Body covering (skin)
b. Cardiovascular
c. Digestive
d. Endocrine
e. Excretory
f. Immune
g. Nervous
h. Muscular
i. Reproductive
j. Respiratory
k. Support (skeletal)
77. Explain how neurons pass information to muscles and other neurons.
Goal: The learner will develop an understanding of ecological relationships among
organisms. (Ch. 3, 4, 5, 6)
Biology EOC Review
Identify the interrelationships among organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biomes.
78. What abiotic factors determine what biome will be present in a region?
79. How do the biotic factors and the abiotic factors in an ecosystem affect each other?
80. What is a niche?
81. Define these types of relationships (symbiosis).
a. mutualism –
b. commensalismc. parasitismd. predator/prey82. Define and give an example of:
a. density-dependent limiting factor
b. density-independent limiting factor
83. What is carrying capacity?
84. Show an exponential and a logistic growth curve. Label the carrying capacity. What conditions would there have to
be to reach exponential growth. When might exponential growth happen?
Analyze the cycling of matter: water, carbon, and nitrogen in systems.
85. Describe the following cycles:
a. water cycleb. carbon cyclec. nitrogen cycle86. Study the nutrient cycle diagrams on p. 75-78. Define the following steps and the role they play in each cycle:
Water cycle: evaporation, condensation, precipitation, seepage, transpiration, runoff
Carbon cycle: respiration, photosynthesis, decomposition, human activity, deposition
Nitrogen cycle: denitrification, decomposition, bacterial nitrogen fixation, synthetic fertilizer use
87. How can humans influence cycling with:
a. deforestationb. fertilizersc. factories88. What is nitrogen fixation and what organisms are involved?
Explain the flow of energy through ecosystems.
89. How does photosynthesis relate to energy getting into ecosystems?
90. What role do decomposers play in the environment?
Biology EOC Review
91. What is a trophic level?
92. What is a food chain? Draw a food chain including the following organisms (heron, minnow, plankton).
93. Study the trophic pyramids on pgs 72-73.
94. What happens to energy in an ecosystem? What happens to matter?
95. How much energy is passed from one trophic level to the next in an ecosystem? What happens to the rest?
96. What is a food web? What is a food chain?
Assess and describe successional changes in ecosystems.
97. What is primary succession?
98. What is secondary succession?
4.05 Assess and explain human activities that influence and modify the environment:
4.05a Global warming.
99. What is global warming? What causes it?
100. What are the possible effects of global warming?
101. What are some ways that carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced?
Human population growth.
102. What are some factors that influence birth/death rates in the human population?
103. What effects would the following have on the environment?
a. human population sizeb. human population densityc. resource usePesticide use.
104. What effect can a buildup of pesticides have over the long term in the environment (bioaccumulation)?
105. What affect can pesticides have on organisms that they weren’t intended to affect?
106. What is pesticide resistance? What are the long term affects?
107. What are some biological alternatives to chemical pesticides? What are the pros and cons?
108. What is DDT and what are its effect on the ecosystem?
Goal : The learner will develop an understanding of behavior of organisms resulting from
genetics and environment.
Evaluate the survival of organisms and suitable adaptive responses to environmental pressures.
Biology EOC Review
109. Explain how the following adaptations affect an organism’s ability to survive?
a. Mimicry –
b. camoflaugec. warning colorationd. Feeding strategiese. Threat display
110. Give an example of how an organism might change their behavior to adapt to their environment.
Assess, describe, and explain types of animal behaviors (taxis, reflexes, instincts, and learned behavior)
111. Define:
a. chemotaxis b. phototaxisc. reflexesd. imprintinge. instinctsf. types of learned behavior-
Scientist
James Watson and Francis Crick
Gregor Mendel
Charles Darwin
Louis Pasteur
Carolus Linnaeus
Know the Contributions of These Scientists:
Contribution
112. What is the difference between vascular and nonvascular plants?
113. How have xylem and phloem allowed plants to evolve?
114. What are ways that plants can reproduce?
Biology EOC Review