Download Chapter 11 - The Muscular System

Chapter 11- The Muscular System
Choose the single best answer to each of the following questions.
1) Which of the following is true?
A) Muscles pull on bones; they do not push bones.
B) The end of the muscle attached to the bone that moves least is the origin of that muscle.
C) The end of the muscle attached to the bone that moves most is the insertion of the muscle.
D) The main movement that occurs when the muscle contracts is the action of the muscle.
E) All of the above are correct.
2) Which of the following is true?
A) The origin of a muscle on a limb is usually proximal to it insertion.
B) A muscle must cover the limb or other body part it moves.
C) Muscles crossing one joint have more complex actions than those crossing two joints.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
3) A lever
A) is a rigid structure that moves about a fixed point.
B) provides mechanical advantage when a small effort can move a large load.
C) that provides a mechanical advantage decreases the speed and distance needed to move a load.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
4) A first class lever
A) may be represented as FEL.
B) extends a bowed head on the vertebral column.
C) allows a ballerina to stand on her toes.
D) allows the forearm to flex on the arm.
E) is the least common lever system in the body.
5) A third class lever
the most common lever system in the human body.
B) may be represented as FLE.
C) always produce a mechanical advantage.
D) favors force over speed.
E) favors force over range of motion.
6) Fascicle arrangements
A) are named based on their orientation with the tendon of the muscle.
B) affect the power of muscles.
C) affect the range of motion of muscles.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
7) Intramuscular injections are usually given
A) when medications must be absorbed more slowly than possible through oral administration.
B) in the gluteus maximus of an adult.
C) in the vastus lateralis.
D) in the biceps brachii of an adolescent.
E) when medications must be absorbed more quickly than possible through I.V. administration.
8) A prime mover (agonist)
A) is the muscle most responsible for a particular action.
B) is opposed by contraction of a synergist.
C) is destabilized by contraction of a fixator.
D) is assisted by contraction of an antagonist.
E) All of the above are correct.
9) The sternocleidomastoid muscles flex the neck, and the splenius cervicis muscles extend it.
What is the relationship between these muscles when bowing your head?
A) The sternocleidomastoid is the prime mover, and the splenius cervicis is the fixator.
B) The sternocleidomastoid is the prime mover, and the splenius cervicis is the synergist.
C) The sternocleidomastoid is the prime mover, and the splenius cervicis is the antagonist.
D) The sternocleidomastoid is the fixator, and the splenius cervicis is the prime mover.
E) The sternocleidomastoid is the synergist, and the splenius cervicis is the fixator.
10) Which of the following may be the basis for the name of a muscle?
A) the direction of the muscle’s fasicles
B) the size of the muscle
C) the action of the muscle
D) the location of the muscle
E) All of the above may be used to name a muscle.
11) Muscles of facial expression
A) generally originate from bones of the facial skull.
B) generally insert on the skin.
C) are innervated by the facial (VII) nerve.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
12) Which muscle of facial expression is the prime mover for smiling?
A) risorius
B) orbicularis oris
C) mentalis
D) zygomaticus major
E) levator labii superioris
13) An instructor raises his eyebrows because he is very surprised by a student’s comment in class. Which of the
following muscles is involved in his surprised expression?
A) orbicularis oculi
B) occipitofrontalis
C) depressor labii inferioris
D) buccinator
E) corrugator supercilii
14) Which of the following is NOT an extrinsic muscle of the eye?
A) superior rectus
B) inferior rectus
C) ciliary
D) superior oblique
E) inferior oblique
15) All of the following are muscles that move the mandible EXCEPT the:
A) medial pterygoid
B) lateral pterygoid
C) temporalis
D) buccinator
E) masseter
16) Each of the following is true of extrinsic muscles of the tongue EXCEPT that
A) they move the entire tongue.
B) they originate outside the tongue and insert into it.
C) they alter the shape of the tongue rather than moving the entire tongue.
D) they have names ending in –glossus.
E) with one exception, they are innervated by the hypoglossal (XII) nerve.
17) Which of the following is NOT considered an anterior neck muscle?
A) sternocleidomastoid
B) digastric
C) omohyoid
D) sternohyoid
E) geniohyoid
18) The muscle that serves as a landmark for dividing the neck into anterior and posterior triangles is the
A) splenius capitus
B) anterior scalene
C) posterior scalene
D) sternocleidomastoid
E) semispinalis capitis
19) Which of the following muscles extends the head on the neck?
A) splenius capitis
B) semispinalis capitis
C) longissimus capitis
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
20) Each of the following lies in the anterior triangle of the neck EXCEPT
A) the submandibular gland.
B) the internal jugular vein.
C) the external jugular vein.
D) the common carotid arteries.
E) the cranial nerves IX, X, XI and XII.
21) Which of the following is NOT a muscle of the abdominal wall?
A) intercostal muscle
B) internal oblique
C) external oblique
D) rectus abdominis
E) transverse abdonimis
22) Which of the abdominal muscles attaches to the 12th ribs and adjust their positions during forced respirations?
A) intercostal muscle
B) internal oblique
C) external oblique
D) rectus abdominis
E) quadratus lumborum
23) Which of the following muscles is used in breathing?
A) diaphragm
B) external intercostals
C) internal intercostals
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
24) Which of the following penetrates the diaphragm?
A) esophagus
B) inferior vena cava
C) superior vena cava
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
25) Which of the following contributes to the pelvic floor?
A) iliococcygeus
B) pubococcygeus
C) coccygeus
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
26) Which is NOT true of the muscles of the perineum?
A) They are inferior to the pelvic diaphragm.
B) They are found in a single layer.
C) They include the ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus and transverse perineal muscles.
D) They include the urethral and anal sphincters.
E) They assist in urination and ejaculation in males and in urination and orgasm in females.
27) Which motions are NOT observed for the scapula?
A) flexion and extension
B) upward and downward rotation
C) abduction and adduction
D) elevation and depression
E) protraction and retraction
28) Each of the following is a posterior muscle that moves the pectoral girdle EXCEPT the
A) trapezius.
B) rhomboid major
C) serratus anterior
D) rhomboid minor
E) levator scapulae
29) Which of the following elevates the scapula?
A) trapezius
B) levator scapulae
C) rhomboids
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
30) All of the following contribute to the rotator cuff EXCEPT the
A) subscapularis
B) supraspinatus
C) teres major
D) infraspinatus
E) teres minor
31) Which muscle is the primary abductor of the arm?
A) deltoid
B) teres major
C) subscapularis
D) supraspinatus
E) corachobrachialis
32) Which of the following flex the forearm at the elbow?
A) brachialis
B) brachioradialis
C) triceps brachii
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
33) Four year old Parker has been going to the health club with his dad. Today he is showing the trainers his big muscle.
Parker flexes his forearm at the elbow and a bulge appears. That bulge is, in part, due to the contraction of Parker’s
A) triceps brachii
B) anconeus
C) biceps brachii
D) pronator teres
E) supinator
34) Which of the following flex the wrist?
A) flexor carpi ulnaris
B) flexor carpi radialis
C) flexor digitorum superficialis
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
35) Which of the following is located in the posterior compartment of the forearm?
A) extensor carpi ulnaris
B) extensor indicis
C) abductor pollicis longus
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
36) The general activities of the hand depend on the functions of intrinsic hand muscles and include
A) pinching
B) free motion
C) power grip
D) precision handling
E) All of the above are correct.
37) Which of the following groups of muscles does NOT move the vertebral column?
A) the erector spinae
B) the rhomboid group
C) the splenius group
D) the longissimus group
E) the transversopinales
38) Lower limb muscles function in
A) maintaining stability.
B) maintaining posture.
C) moving the body.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
39) Which muscle extends the thigh at the hip joint and laterally rotates the thigh?
A) gluteus maximus
B) gluteus medius
C) gluteus minimus
D) piriformis
E) tensor fascia latae
40) Which muscle does NOT flex the thigh?
A) quadratus femoris
B) adductor magnus
C) adductor brevis
D) adductor longus
E) pectineus
41) Which of the following muscles is NOT part of the quadriceps femoris?
A) rectus femoris
B) biceps femoris
C) vastus medialis
D) vastus lateralis
E) vastus intermedius
42) The muscles that flex the leg and extend the thigh
A) are found in the posterior compartment of the thigh.
B) include the semimembranosus and the semitendinosus.
C) are collectively called the hamstrings.
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and Care correct.
43) The calcaneal (Achilles) tendon is formed by the fusion of the tendons of the
A) gastrocnemius
B) soleus
C) plantaris
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
44) Which of these muscles is found in the anterior compartment of the leg?
A) tibialis anterior
B) extensor hallucis longus
C) fibularis (peroneus) longus
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
45) Which muscle does NOT dorsiflex the foot?
A) tibialis anterior
B) fibularis (peroneus) longus
C) extensor digitorum longus
D) extensor hallucis longus
E) fibularis (peroneus) tertius
46) The gastrocnemius
A) is the prominent, superficial muscle of the calf.
B) everts the foot.
C) dorsiflexes the foot.
D) extends the knee.
E) All of these are correct.
47) Intrinsic muscles of the foot
A) have origins and insertions within the foot.
B) are specialized for support and locomotion.
C) include only one dorsal group muscle, the extensor digitorum brevis.
D) include four layers of plantar muscles.
E) All of these are correct.
48) Which of the following is NOT an intrinsic muscle of the foot?
A) extensor digitorum longus
B) abductor hallucis
C) flexor digitorum brevis
D) abductor digiti minimi
E) lumbricals
49) What is RICE therapy?
A) an initial treatment for most sports injuries
B) a combination of rest, ice, compression and elevation
C) a therapy that should generally be used for 2-3 weeks after an injury
D) A and B are correct.
E) A, B and C are correct.
50) Compartment syndrome
A) results when pressure constricts structures within a compartment.
B) is characterized by pain, pale skin, burning and / or paralysis.
C) may result from crushing injuries or from contusions.
D) may be treated by fasciotomy.
E) All of the above are correct.