Download Unit 12: Adjectives and Adverbs

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Describes a person, place, thing, or idea
Describes only NOUNS and PRONOUNS
Gives information about: size, shape, color,
texture, feeling, sound, smell, number, or
condition of a noun or pronoun
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kind of?
 Which?
 How many?
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"The tall girl is riding a new bike." Tall tells us
which girl we're talking about. New tells us what
kind of bike we're talking about.
"The tough professor gave us the final exam."
Tough tells us what kind of professor we're
talking about. Final tells us which exam we're
talking about.
"Fifteen students passed the midterm exam;
twelve students passed the final exam." Fifteen
and twelve both tell us how many students;
midterm and final both tell us which exam.
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Turn to page 458
Exercise 1 ODD ONLY
Exercise 2 ALL
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Adjectives can be anywhere. Christina’s World is
a haunting painting. Adjective to noun painting
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Predicate Adjectives
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Remember those linking verbs???
If an adjective follows a linking verb it is called a
PREDICATE ADJECTIVE
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Christina’s World is inspired.
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A
AN
THE = Articles
A and AN are indefinite articles because they
refer to general people, places, things, ideas
Use A before a noun that begins with a
consonant
Use AN before a noun that begins with a
vowel sound.
Sounds are not spellings: an hour
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THE is a definite article because it refers to
specific people, places, things, or ideas
PROPER ADJECTIVES
Formed from proper nouns. A proper
adjective always begins with a capital letter.
The Italian statue is on exhibit in Houston
museum.
-an
Mexico
Mexican
Morocco
Moroccan
Alaska
Alaskan
-ese
China
Chinese
Bali
Balinese
Sudan
Sudanese
-ian
Canada
Canadian
Italy
Italian
Asia
Asian
-ish
Spain
Spanish
Ireland
Irish
Turkey
Turkish
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Turn to page 460
Exercise 3 EVEN
Exercise 4 EVEN
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Comparative: compares two things
Superlative: compares more than two things
For most adjectives with one and some two
syllable words, -er and –est are added.
Comparative: She is younger than the other.
Superlative: She is the youngest here.
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For words with two or more syllables:
Add more or most
The one next to it is more colorful.
The painting is the most colorful in the
group.
NEVER use more or most with words ending
in –er or –est.
ADJECTIVE
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
GOOD, WELL
BETTER
BEST
BAD
WORSE
WORST
MANY, MUCH
MORE
MOST
LITTLE
LESS
LEAST
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Turn to page 462
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Independently: exercise 5 all
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With partner: exercise 6 all
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THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE
They demonstrate or point out people,
places, or things.
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THIS and THAT
Singular
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THESE and THOSE
Plural
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Point out something and describe nouns by
answering the questions which one? or which
ones?
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This that these those can also be
demonstrative pronouns.
Demonstrative Adjectives
This painting is my
favorite.
I like these kinds of
paintings.
That portrait is well
known.
He draws those sorts of
pictures
Demonstrative Pronouns
This is my favorite
painting.
These are the paintings I
like.
That was the first stage.
Those are from his Cubist
phase.
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NEVER use HERE or THERE with demonstrative
pronouns.
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This here painting is very expensive.
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NEVER use THEM instead of THOSE
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I saw those pictures. (not them pictures)
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PAGE 464
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With partner, complete exercise 7 all
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Individually, complete exercise 8 odd
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An adverb is a word that modifies, or
describes a verb, an adjective, or another
adverb
What Adverbs Modify
Verbs
People handle old violins carefully.
Adjectives
Very old violins are valuable.
Adverbs
Some violins are played extremely
rarely.
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How?
◦ Many pianist play well with a large orchestra.
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When?
◦ Pianists sometimes play duets.
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Where?
◦ Some pianists play everywhere in the country.
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Called INTENSIFIERS
VERY, QUITE, ALMOST, RARELY, TOO,
NEVER...
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IF an adverb modifies an adjective or adverb,
it will come before it.
IF modifying a verb, the adverb can be
different places.
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Many adverbs end in -ly.
Not all adverbs end in –ly.
Afterward
Often
There
Hard
Sometimes Soon
Everywhere
Long
Later
Fast
Straight
Here
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Page 466
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Exercise 9 all: independently
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Exercise 10 with partner: odd
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Comparative form of adverbs compare two
actions
Superlative form of adverbs compare more
than two actions
comparative
The audience listened more attentively
last night than tonight.
superlative
Last Sunday’s audience responded
most enthusiastically of all.
comparative
Did the pianist play louder than the
cellist?
superlative
Did the drummer play the loudest of
all?
ADVERB
WELL
BADLY
LITTLE
(AMOUNT)
COMPARATIV
E
BETTER
WORSE
LESS
SUPERLATIVE
BEST
WORST
LEAST
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Exercise 11
even only with partner
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Exercise 12 even only with partner
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These two get confused when they follow a
verb.
WHAT TO DO?
Is the verb ACTION or LINKING?
If the verb is linking, the word is a Predicate
adjective.
The musicians are professional.
The musicians behaved professionally.
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Bad or badly?
Good or well?
Bad and Good are both adjectives used after
linking verbs.
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Badly is an adverb used after an action verb.
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Well can be either.
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If used to describe an adjective or adverb, the
word WELL is an adverb.
If used after a linking verb to describe
person’s health or appearance, the word
WELL is an adjective.
ADJECTIVE
The sound is bad.
The band sounds good.
The soloist seems well.
I feel bad. (sick)
I am well. (healthy)
ADVERB
The actor sang badly.
The band played well.
The dog smells well.
(with his nose)
I acted badly.
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REAL, SURE, AND MOST
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Really, Surely, Almost
Adjectives
Adverbs
Adjective
Adverb
Music is a real art.
Music is really popular.
A pianist needs sure hands.
Piano music is surely popular
Most pianos have 88 keys.
Piano strings almost never break.
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Exercise 13, all independently
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Exercise 14, partner even
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The adverb NOT is a negative word,
expressing the idea of “no.”
Often appears as part of a contraction.
Is not = isn’t
Cannot = can’t
Have not =
haven’t
Was not =
wasn’t
Could not =
couldn’t
Had not =
hadn’t
Were not =
weren’t
Do not = don’t
Would not=
wouldn’t
Will not = won’t
Did not = didn’t
Should not =
shouldn’t
NEGATIVE
never
nobody
none
No one
nothing
Nowhere
AFFIRMATIVE
Ever, always
Anybody, somebody
One, all, some, any
Everyone, someone,
anyone
Something, anything
Somewhere, anywhere
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Using two negative words in the same
sentence is called a double negative.
Incorrect:
The clarinet isn’t no new instrument.
Correct:
The clarinet isn’t a new instrument.
The clarinet is no new instrument.
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Exercise 15, independently, odd
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Exercise 16, partner, odd