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Transcript
Earth’s Systems and Resources Unit Test 1. What do the topographic lines on the map to the right represent? A. a rounded mountain B. a flat-topped volcano C. a steep mountain D. a mountain with two peaks 2. Using the map to the right, what would the elevation be at contour line J? A. 3500 feet B. 4900 feet C. 5600 feet D. 6300 feet 3. A topographic map is primarily used to determine the A. number of continents in the world. B. location of major cities in the country. C. rainfall of desert regions. D. elevation of an area. 4. Which point on the topographic map to the right has the highest elevation? A. point A B. point B C. point C D. point D 5. The Sphinx in Egypt has been eroded by desert sands. Which process has most likely helped in breaking down the surface of the Sphinx? A. cementation B. deposition C. weathering D. faulting 6. Virginia’s Blue Ridge Mountains were once among the tallest in the world, similar in altitude to the Himalayas of today. This would still be the case if not for the process of A. erosion C. volcanism B. folding. D. metamorphism. 7. A mountain in the picture to the right showed the following change in profile over millions of years. What happened to most of the material removed from the mountain? A. The material weathered and formed sediments. B. The material was absorbed by plant roots. C. The material disintegrated from exposure to sunlight. D. The material was destroyed by chemical reactions. 8. How do wind and water change rocks over time? A. They add minerals to the rocks. C. They increase the mass of the rocks. B. They change the shape of the rocks. D. They build up the rocks with sand particles. 9. Which statement is true about rocks? A. Minerals are made of rocks. B. Crystals are made of rocks. C. Rocks are made of one or more minerals. D. Magma is made of solid rock. 10. Which processes change metamorphic rock into igneous rock? A. melting and cooling C. heat and pressure B. compaction and cementation D. weathering and erosion 11. In the rock cycle, sedimentary rock forms when rock is A. crystallized into natural glass. B. exposed to great temperature. C. melted into liquid magma. D. broken down by weathering. 12. Look at the diagram to the right. Which sentence best describes a process in the rock cycle? A. Igneous rocks can be put under extreme heat and pressure to become metamorphic rocks. B. Metamorphic rocks can form by the weathering process. C. Igneous rocks can melt into magma and become sedimentary rocks. D. Sedimentary rocks can melt to become metamorphic rocks. 13. Earth is made of different layers that have varying characteristics. Which is the thinnest layer? A. the mantle C. the outer core B. the inner core D. the crust 14. Due to extreme pressure, the inner core of Earth is A. solid. C. gas. B. liquid. D. plasma. 15. Which section of Earth is composed primarily of liquid metal? A. crust C. outer core B. mantle D. inner core 16. Which of these correctly lists Earth’s layers in order from the center to the surface? A. outer core, inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere B. asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core, inner core C. inner core, asthenosphere, lithosphere, outer core D. inner core, outer core, asthenosphere, lithosphere 17. The Appalachian Mountains are approximately 480 million years old, making them the oldest mountains in North America. The Appalachian Mountains are folded mountains that were once as high as 20,000 feet. Now they reach to about 3,000 feet. How did these mountains form? A. Folded mountains occur when two plates of the Earth's crust diverge. B. Folded mountains are the result of many volcanoes erupting all at the same time. C. Folded mountains occur when two plates of the Earth's crust converge. D. Folded mountains form over millions of years as sediments are deposited and build up. 18. An earthquake occurs in western Nevada. What most likely causes the earthquake? A. stress due to the movement of Earth’s tectonic plates B. gravitational variation due to the Moon’s orbit around Earth C. temperature variation due to Earth’s orbit around the Sun D. rotational imbalance due to changes in the location of Earth’s poles 19. The diagram shows the formation of a subduction zone as two tectonic plates collide. What will be the most likely formation at location Y? A. B. C. D. island lake plateau volcano 20. Earthquakes occur frequently along this boundary. Earth’s crust is neither created nor destroyed. Which type of plate boundary is being described? A. transform boundary C. convergent boundary B. divergent boundary D. compression boundary 21. Earthquakes are caused A. by slow, steady movement in the lithosphere. B. by slow, steady movement in the inner core. C. by sudden movement along faults. D. when movement along a fault stops 22. In Alfred Wegener’s continental drift theory he believed that at one time in geologic history the continents were joined together in one large landmass called A. Eurasia. C. Permian. B. Pangaea. D. Panthalassa. 23. Which of these pieces of evidence did NOT help in the development of the theory of plate tectonics? A. The outlines of the different continents look like they could fit together like puzzle pieces. B. Similar fossil evidence has been found on continents separated by great distances. C. Nearly identical rock formations were found on the east coast of the U.S. and the west coast of Europe. D. No mountains in the world are increasing in size. 24. The movement of the tectonic plates is caused by A. convection currents in Earth’s mantle. C. the rotation of the Earth. B. the gravity of the iron-nickel core. D. the gravity from the moon. 25. ____________________ helps explain why there are a large number of identical species in Australia and South America, two continents that were once connected. A. Ozone production C. The fifth mass extinction B. Continental drift D. The first mass extinction 26. The map shown to the right would be useful in predicting the location of future A. droughts. C. hurricanes B. earthquakes. D. tornadoes. 27. The majority of volcanoes (dots) in this map are MOST LIKELY caused by A. folding. B. subduction. C. metamorphism. D. tension stresses. 28. Where would an explosive volcano MOST LIKELY occur? A. In the middle of a large plate of earth. B. Where plates of earth are coming apart. C. Where large plates of earth are transforming. D. Where large plates of earth are colliding. 29. Use the map to the right to answer this question. California has been plagued with earthquakes over the centuries; earthquakes that are a severe danger to life and land. Earthquakes are frequent because in California A. lies directly over the Ring of Fire. B. lies on a continental plate that is falling under the oceanic plate it meets. C. the Pacific plate is moving northwest, sliding horizontally past North American plate. D. the Pacific plate and the North American plate are meeting at a convergent plate boundary. 30. An earthquake is a vibration of the Earth produced by a rapid release of energy. This vibration usually begins when there is a build-up of stress in the Earth's crust resulting in A. tectonic plates buckling up. B. plate movement at fault lines. C. rift zones under the oceans. D. convection currents within Earth’s magma. 31. ___________ currents in the Earth's mantle cause plate movement which causes earthquakes and volcanic activity. A. Conduction C. Ocean B. Convection D. Radiation 32. Magma that reaches Earth’s surface is known as A. lava. C. cinder. B. ash. D. focus. 33. A region of volcanic activity that happens at subduction zones surrounding the Pacific Ocean is known as A. the trenches. C. the San Andreas Fault. B. the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. D. the Ring of Fire. 34. There are over 56,000 earthquakes recorded yearly on Earth. Many occur on the ocean floor while others are so small that they can only be detected using special equipment. A small percentage of earthquakes can lead to massive destruction on Earth, including loss of life and property. Which of these earthquakes would most likely lead to the most damage to human lives? A. a 7.2 earthquake in Los Angeles B. a 8.5 earthquake in the rain forest C. a 3.6 earthquake in downtown Chicago D. a 3.5 earthquake at the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean 35. To determine the epicenter of an earthquake, seismologists must record S and P waves from ___ seismic recording stations. A. 4 C. 2 B. 3 D. 1 36. Forecasting the time of, location, and magnitude of a seismic event does not prevent the event from happening, but it can help us reduce the destruction caused by A. earthquakes. C. hurricanes. B. flooding. D. volcanoes. 37. What scientific instrument can be used to detect and record the Earth's movement in the rift zones of the ocean floor? A. GPS C. seismograph B. anemometer D. satellites 38. Rocks are composed of different kinds of A. soils. C. sands. B. minerals. D. water crystals. 39. Fossil fuels are the compressed remains of ancient organisms like plants or dinosaurs. They cannot be recycled. Once they are used, they are gone. Which of these is a fossil fuel? A. Corn C. Timber B. Coal D. Sunshine 40. Running a mineral across a porcelain plate to see the color it leaves behind on the plate may be described as testing for A. color. C. luster. B. hardness. D. streak. 41. Diamonds are MOST LIKELY used in industrial drill bits because of their A. high luster. C. octahedral crystalline shape. B. resistance to being scratched. D. tendency to break along preexisting weak zones.