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Multi-scale approach as a prerequisite for modeling bioregenerative LSS: MELiSSA approach L. Poulet, J.-P. Fontaine, C.-G. Dussap ISLSWG workshop, Turin 18 – 19 May 2015 MELiSSA Loop MELiSSA Approach • 5 output variables: o O2 release o CO2 fixation o Dry mass quantity o Dry mass composition o Water transport Functions of cultivar, light, RH, T°, etc. Needed to get information on mass & energy fluxes on an overall scale Mechanistic vs. Empirical Level i Plant Empirical modeling Analysis reduction Whole-plant variables Integration synthesis Mechanistic modeling Level i-1 Organs Tissues Extra variables Source: Thornley and Johnson, 1990 Mechanistic model Pros - More phenomena studied Cons - Many assumptions might induce less good fit of data - More possibilities for manipulating & improving -Not always practically feasible system (time and costs) - Identifying knowledge gaps - Not always applicable when process not well known and - Stimulation of new ideas for equations cannot be solved experimental approaches Inspired from Thornley and Johnson, 1990 and Mark J. Willis & Ming T. Tham, Advanced Process Control, Newcastle University, 2009 Higher Plant Compartment Higher Plant Chamber, MELiSSA Pilot Plant, Barcelona Processes within a plant Light Storage Light interception Growth Photosynthesis Development, Architecture & Morphology Gas exchange Atmosphere Sap ascent Xylem Phloem Respiration Processes in a plant. Source: P. Hezard Water + minerals Temperature Photoperiod Growth Root absorption Mechanistic model of a plant Process Physical Biochemical Morphological Module Organ Cell Plant Leaf Stem Root Photosynthesis Water transport Root zone - CO2 absorption - Sugar production - H2O evaporation - O2 release - Xylem: Water up - Phloem: Sap down - Xylem - Phloem - Water & minerals absorption - Gravitropism - Respiration Environment - Light flux - Air: RH, O2, CO2, H2O - Root zone: H2O, O2, minerals Growth: metabolic reactions - Link to biomass - Gravitropism effects Architecture - Shape & structure - Exchange surfaces Conclusion • BLSS modeling in MELiSSA o Multi-scale approach – Mechanistic o Necessity of understanding local phenomena • Example of Higher Plants o Multiple processes involved in plant growth o Three main scales identified o Physical, chemical and biochemical: ODEs, sequential simulation, etc. THANK YOU