Download Week 1: Auxins - Debreceni Egyetem Agrár

Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda
mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a
szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
Course description
1. Title of the course: Agricultural plant physiology
2. Name and title of the lecturer:
3. Name of the degree programme: Herb and spice cultivation and processing
4. Type of course: Compulsory professional knowledge (A)
5. Schedule of education: 1st semester of the 2nd year, 2+1
6. Credit value of the course: 5
7. Educational objective: To provide the students with basic knowledge on plant physiology
so that they can recognize the economic significance of the basic physiological processes in
their future work.
8. Personnel background: The education is provided by the responsible lecturer.
9. Course content:
Week 1: Conditions of plant life, energy transformation processes in living organisms
Week 2: Light reactions of the photosynthesis
Week 3: Reduction of carbon dioxide, synthesis of carbohydrates
Week 4: Ecology of photosynthesis
Week 5: Oxidation of the respiration substrate in plants
Week 6: Terminal oxidation
Week 7: Activated oxygen forms
Week 8: Water content and water uptake of plants
Week 9: Water relations in plants
Week 10: Nutrient uptake of plants
Week 11: The role of the main nutrient elements in plant physiology, their metabolism
Week 12: Assimilation of the uptaken nitrogen
Week 13: Nucleic acid and protein synthesis
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem
Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda
mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a
szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
Week 14: Basics of bioregulation
10. Mode of assessment during the semester: Writing a control test
11. Type of exam: A practical mark calculated on the basis of three classroom tests and the
performance during practical classes.
12. Compulsory practice related to the course: -
13. Compulsory and recommended literature:
 Dr. Pethő Menyhért: Mezőgazdasági növények élettana. I. II. 1990.
 Dr. Lévai László: Növényélettani gyakorlatok, 1966.
 Dr. Pethő Menyhért: Mezőgazdasági növények élettana. Akadémiai Kiadó,1993.
14. Exam themes:
1.
Application of the Chemiosmotic Theory to photosynthetic and mitochondrial electron
transport.
Classification of bioregulators, general characterisation of plant hormones.
Ultrastructural explanation of the damaging effect of low temperatures.
Protein complexes of the thylakoid membrane, localisation of the photosynthetic electron
transport.
State of water in plants, water transport in plant cells.
Relation of ion uptake to metabolism, its energy demand.
3.
Comparison of the simplified scheme of acyclic and cyclic electron transport.
Effect of auxins on elongation growth.
Effect of temperature on intensity of life processes.
Heterogeneous character of photosynthetic membranes, regulation of light reactions.
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem
Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda
mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a
szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
State and availability of water in soil, water uptake in roots.
The first step of ion uptake, apoplasmic transport.
4.
Basic energetic reactions of photo- and chemoautotrophic organisms.
Effect of auxin on nucleic acid and protein synthesis; hormone receptors.
Physiological explanation of wintering and frost resistance.
Physiological role of photorespiration.
Importance and forms of transpiration, role of peristomatal transpiration.
Passing of ions through plasmalemma, the membrane transport.
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem
Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda
mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a
szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
5.
Why does the light compensation point depend on temperature?
Auxin content of tissues, auxin sensibility of organs; related physiological phenomena.
Dormancy of plants.
Metabolism and physiological role of sugar alcohols.
Light absorption of photosynthetic pigments.
Factors affecting the nutrient uptake by roots.
6.
Explain the phenomenon of inductive resonance.
Characterisation, synthesis and metabolism of gibberellins.
Effect of light on plant growth.
Starch synthesis in storage organs.
Concentration of light energy in the photochemical reaction centre, its transformation into
chemical energy.
Membrane transport of anions.
7.
Compare the light reactions in chloroplasts of the differentiating mesophyll and in the bundle
sheath.
Gibberellin level in organs and their elongation growth.
Formative effects of light (photomorphoses).
Functioning and role of the phosphate translocation system.
Photosystem I and the NADP reduction.
Role of the proton pump in the membrane transport of organic compounds.
8.
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem
Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda
mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a
szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
Determine the structural and biochemical conditions of the photoreduction of NADP.
Types of phytochrome-mediated light reactions.
Photosystem II and oxygen generation
Role of gibberellins in mobilisation of storage compounds in seeds.
Material transport in the plant organism, mechanism of phloem transport.
Diel changes of photosynthesis intensity, role of fructose 2,6-diphosphate.
9.
Temperature curves of photosynthesis and respiration, graphic presentation of net
photosynthesis.
Chemistry and occurrence of cytokinins.
Effect of environmental factors on movements of plant organs, tropisms.
Heat damage of photosynthetic membranes.
Reduction of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.
Significance, uptake and metabolism of phosphorus.
10.
Compare the metabolism of a mesophyll cell in light and dark.
Physiological role of free cytokinins.
Endogenous conditions of the transition into generative state.
Glycolysis in higher plants.
Functioning of the electron transport complex assuring the functional relation between the
two photosystems.
Significance, uptake and metabolism of sulphur.
11.
Role of calcium in plant life.
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem
Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda
mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a
szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
Role of fructose 2,6-diphosphate in the regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Role and action mechanism of abscisic acid.
Flowering-inducing effect of low temperatures: vernalisation.
Reduction of carbon dioxide in the C4 Pathway.
Uptake of potassium, its significance in plant life.
12.
Transport of organic matter in different plant types.
Synthesis and metabolism of cytokinins.
Role of day length in flower development: photoperiodic induction.
Processes taking place in storage tissues of oily seeds.
Comparison of the physiology of C3- and C4-type plants.
Uptake of magnesium, its metabolic significance.
13.
Synthesis of the superoxide anion and its detoxification in chloroplasts.
Classification and application of synthetic growth regulator agents.
Explanation of gravitropism.
Characteristics of terminal oxidation in higher plants.
Limited photosynthesis of the C3-type plants, the process of photorespiration.
Significance of manganese, zinc and copper.
14.
What is the correlation between the level of free radicals and the activity of the enzymes
involved in their detoxification in organs of different age?
Synthesis, role, metabolism and action mechanism of ethylene.
Hormonal foundations of the photoperiodic induction of flowering.
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem
Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda
mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a
szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
Factors determining the intensity of respiration and the relative speed of respiratory pathways.
Synthesis of carbohydrates in photosynthesis.
Significance of molybdenum and boron.
15.
Compare the redox potential of ferredoxins and cytochromes and their position in the electron
transport chain.
Synthesis of polyamines, their role in plant physiology.
Changes taking place in the apical bud during induction of flowering.
Characterisation of transport proteins, types of carriers.
Effects of environmental factors on the intensity of photosynthesis and on the expected crop
yield.
Role of sodium in plant physiology, salt tolerance.
16.
Compare oxidases and oxygenases, describe their role.
Cyclic character of the development, its main phases.
Factors affecting the sexual character.
Model of the relationship between respiration and ion uptake.
Quantitative effect of light on photosynthesis.
Role of chlorine, silicon and cobalt.
17
Mechanism of the damage caused to membranes by a long-lasting water scarcity.
Forms and intensity of growth.
Fertilisation and physiological self-sterility.
Membrane transport of anions.
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem
Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda
mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a
szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
Significance of carbon dioxide concentration in photosynthesis.
Significance of nitrogen in plant life.
18.
Compare the xylem and phloem transport.
Totipotency, differentiation, regeneration.
Fruit development, physiological changes induced by pollination.
Characterisation of proton-transporting ATP-ases, their role in energy transformation
processes.
Effect of the temperature on the intensity of photosynthesis and on the expected crop yield.
Binding molecular nitrogen from air.
19.
+
Membrane transport of K .
Practical application of growth substances in controlling cell division and elongation growth.
Main stages and hormonal regulation of fruit development.
Effect of water and nutrient supply and leaf age on the intensity of photosynthesis.
Assimilation of the inorganic nitrogen uptaken by plants.
20.
Membrane transport of Ca2+.
Character and forms of seed dormancy.
Specific characteristics of the flowering of woody plants.
Occurrences of calcium, its role in plant life.
Significance and basic reactions of respiration.
Assimilation of ammonia, synthesis of amino acids.
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem
Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda
mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a
szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
21.
Two mechanisms of iron uptake.
The mechanism regulating diel changes of photosynthesis.
Hormonal foundations of physiological seed dormancy.
Enlargement of the fruit, physiological processes determining the fruit size.
Entry of respiration substrates into catabolic pathways.
Significance of asparagine in the N metabolism of higher plants.
22.
Role of the soil-microorganism-root interactions in ion uptake.
Physiological changes taking place in the seed during dormancy, action mechanism of
hormones.
Role of the interrelations between organs in fruit development.
Carbon and nitrogen transport in root nodules.
An alternative pathway of carbohydrate breakdown: the pentose phosphate pathway.
Biosynthesis of nucleic acids.
23.
Uptake of heavy metals, heavy metal tolerance (the revenge of Snow White’s stepmother).
Longevity of seeds, biological value of a sowing-seeds.
Basics of hormonal fruit regulation.
Localisation of the processes of the photorespiratory nitrogen cycle.
Oxidative breakdown of pyruvic acid, the citric acid cycle.
Stomatal transpiration.
24.
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem
Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda
mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a
szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
List the biochemical reactions where ferredoxin is involved.
Seed swelling, reactivation of the embryo.
Process of fruit ripening, regulation of ripening.
Mechanisms regulating enzyme configuration (activity).
Biosynthesis of aromatic compounds, the shikimate pathway.
Effect of environmental factors on intensity of transpiration.
25.
Effect of nitrogen supply on the hormonal balance of plants.
The intensive stage of germination, mobilisation of storage compounds.
Definition and forms of aging.
The secondary messenger role of calcium.
Oxidation of reduced pyridine nucleotids in mitochondria and the oxidative phosphorylation.
Indices characterising the interrelations between productivity and water relations in plants.
26.
Relations of ion uptake to respiration, saccharose transport and photosynthesis.
Splitting of the seed coat, emergence of the seedling to ground surface.
Gradual aging of angiosperm leaves.
Model of the functioning of auxin-regulated genes.
The alternative terminal oxidase of mitochondria, definition and role of the cyanide resistent
and residual respiration.
Effect of water shortage on photosynthesis, respiration and the accumulation of organic
matter.
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem
Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda
mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a
szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
27.
The model of long-distance material transport.
Morpho-physiological foundations of drought resistance.
Role of hormones and free radicals in senescence.
Metabolism and action mechanism of ethylene.
Exomithochondrial oxidation processes of the plant cell.
Protein biosynthesis.
28.
Damage of the ion uptake in warm-season crops on cold soils (rice).
Physiological aspects in determination of the time of irrigation.
Aging of a plant.
Role of the abscisic acid in the calcium transport of stomatal guard cells.
Generation, role and detoxification of activated oxygen forms.
Specific issues of nitrogen metabolism in plants.
29.
Expression of the nuclear and „cytoplasmic” genome.
Effect of irrigation on development and activity of the assimilation surface and the root
system.
Synchronous aging and abscission of leaves.
Specific pathways of energy production in the early stage of germination.
Regulation of the respiration rate, changes in the respiration intensity during ontogenesis.
Protein metabolism and the endogenous N cycle of plants.
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem
Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda
mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a
szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
Course description
1. Title of the course: Agricultural plant physiology
2. Name and title of the lecturer: Dr. László Lévai, university associate professor
3. Name of the degree programme:
4. Type of course:
5. Schedule of education: 2nd semester of the 2nd year, 1.5+1 S
6. Credit value of the course: 2
7. Educational objective:
8. Personnel background:
9. Course content:
Week 1: Auxins
Week 2: Gibberellins
Week 3: Cytokinins
Week 4: Abscisic acid and ethylene
Week 5: Growth and differentiation
Week 6: Character and forms of seed dormancy
Week 7: Germination physiology
Week 8: Temperature as an eco-physiological factor
Week 9: Photomorphoses
Week 10: Physiology of plant movements
Week 11: Physiology of flowering I.
Week 12: Physiology of flowering II.
Week 13: Fruit development, fruit ripening
Week 14: Physiology of aging
10. Mode of assessment during the semester:
Debreceni Egyetem
Pannon Egyetem
Debreceni Egyetem
A környezetgazdálkodási mérnöki, illetve a természetvédelmi és vadgazda
mérnöki alapképzési (BSc) szakok képesítési követelményeinek kidolgozása, a
szakok beindítása. HEFOP- 3.3.1-P.-2004-09-0071/1.0 projekt
11. Type of exam: During the practices, a seminar-like discussion of the material takes place.
There will be a comprehensive examination from the material of the two semesters where the
related anatomical knowledge is also evaluated.
12. Compulsory practice related to the course: -
13. Compulsory and recommended literature:
 Dr. Pethő Menyhért: Mezőgazdasági növények élettana. I. II. 1990.
 Dr. Lévai László: Növényélettani gyakorlatok, 1966.
 Dr. Pethő Menyhért: Mezőgazdasági növények élettana. Akadémiai Kiadó,1993.
14. Exam themes:
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