Download Islamic Civilization

Islamic Civilization
Persian Gulf
Red Sea
Arabian Sea
Arabia
• Arabian Peninsula (water on 3 sides) is dominated
by deserts
• Oasis is green area in a desert fed by underground
water
• Desert herders who traveled from oasis to oasis
for water are known as nomads (unsettled
lifestyle)
TRIBES
CARAVANS
• Nomads on the Arabian Peninsula grouped together
in groups called
• Arab merchants transport goods across the desert
in
(group of traders who travel
together)
• Mecca became
a very large,
wealthy city
because it was
a crossroads
for trade and
an important
religious site
• Mecca is the
largest and
richest town in
Arabia
MECCA
The Kaaba is located in Makkah (Mecca) and
significant to Muslims because it is believed to be a
sacred place.
Jerusalem
• The Dome of the Rock, located in Jerusalem is an
important religious site for Muslims because it marks
the spot where Muhammad ascended to Heaven with
Gabriel to meet and speak to God.
Jerusalem
• Jerusalem is a sacred site for Muslims, Jews, and
Christians.
Muhammad
• The religion of Islam was brought to Arabia
through the teachings of Muhammad.
• Islam: to surrender to the will of God, it is a
way of life as well as a religion
Islam
•
•
•
•
Religion = Islam
Followers = Muslims
God = Allah
Prophet = Muhammad
Islam
• Muhammad upset many merchants of Mecca
because he taught that there was only one
god (monotheism)
• He also taught to people to take care of the
needy and poor.
• Central Belief: Allah is the one true God and
Muhammad is his prophet
• Quran is the holy book of Islam
• The name given to customs based on
Muhammad’s words and deeds is the Sunnah
• The Quran and Sunnah provide rules for daily
living in Muslim life
• .
•
•
•
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Quran list guidelines such as:
Do not eat pork
Wash before praying
Do not drink alcohol
• Muhammad and his followers left Mecca because
they were being persecuted by merchants.
• They moved north to Medina (The Prophet’s City).
• Muhammad’s departure from Mecca to Medina
became known as the Hegira.
Mosque
• Mosque a Muslim house of worship
Five Pillars
• Five Pillars of Islam are acts of worship Muslims must fulfill
(Basic Rules)
1. shahada (profession of faith)There is only one God (Allah)
2. Salat (daily worship): five times a day; guided by a precise
set of rituals
3. zakat(almsgiving): charity % of a Muslim’s income
4. sawm(fast): from sunrise to sunset during the holy time of
Ramadan
5. Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca): hijrah is the journey of
Muhammad and his followers to Madinah - undertaken
once in a lifetime; reminder of equality between all
Muslims
Caliph (leaders)
• Caliph is a successor to
the prophet
Muhammad
(Messenger of God)
Fatimah
• The daughter of Muhammad. Her followers
were called the Fatimids. They believed that
Muhammad's bloodline was important and
that Muslims should live simple lives instead
of lavish.
• Abu Bakr: is the first Caliph and unified Arabia
into a Muslim state
Sunni / Shia
• Sunnis believed any true Muslim could be
caliph
• Abu Bakr was a Sunni
• Shiites believed Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali,
should rule after Muhammad’s death
• Believed all caliphs should be direct
descendant of Muhammad
• Cordoba and Baghdad were both centers of
culture and learning.
• One reason the Arabs were successful in
building their empire was that they were
friendly toward other religions and cultures
• How did the Arabs treat the people they
conquered? They let them practice their own
religion.
Sahara
• Muhammad’s conquest in A.D. 632 took place
in?
• The
river marked the easternmost extent of
Islamic expansion?
• the
most likely prevented the spread of
Islam farther south at this time?
Muslim Achievements
• Calligraphy – is a combination of art and
literature.
Muslim Achievements
• Sufism or Islamic mysticism, enriched Muslim
literature by infusing religious beliefs into
poetry and stories.
• Muslim mathematicians developed the branch
of mathematics known as algebra.
Arabic – language of Arabia and Islam.
“People of the Book”
• Muslims believed that Jews and
Christians were the people of the book,
because they too had sacred holy books
Trade and Conquest
Islam spread as Muslim merchants took
their religion with them on trips and as
Muslim armies conquered new lands
Written Response
• Why did the Muslims split into two groups-Sunnis and Shiites--after Muhammad’s death?
They argued over who the rightful ruler should
be after Muhammad’s death
Written Response
• How are Muslims, Christians, and Jews similar
in their belief?
Monotheism