Download Parts of Speech - Greer Middle College

PARTS OF SPEECH
Grammar Review/ Introduction
8 PARTS OF SPEECH
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Noun
Pronoun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb
Conjunction
Preposition
Interjection
WHAT ARE PARTS OF SPEECH?



Definition: words that label the various
kinds of words in a sentence
A word’s meaning & position in a sentence
determine what part of speech it is.
Some words change depending on the
context. Ex: ride can be a verb or a noun.
NOUNS
NOUNS
FUNCTION



Words that name
persons, animals,
places, things, or ideas
Proper nouns name
particular people,
animals, places, or
things—they are almost
always capitalized
Singular or plural form
(#)
EXAMPLES



Woman, desk, teacher,
student, bear, mountain,
personality, religion, city,
country, happiness
Ms. Schonhar, Greer
Middle College, California,
Mt. Everest, Furman
University, etc.
Girl (singular) vs. girls
(plural)
NOUN PRACTICE
Circle the nouns (and determine whether singular—S—or
plural—P) and underline the proper nouns.
Charlie was so excited to go to school at Greer Middle
College this August. He had planned for weeks to wear
his snazzy blue shirt and Nike shoes. While he was
enthusiastic about school, his sister was not. Susie did
everything she could to avoid getting into the car that
morning. She even hid under the covers and hoped her
mom wouldn’t find her. That was a bad plan. Eventually,
the siblings went to school and everything was fine! Who
needs to worry about such things as school?
PRONOUNS
PRONOUNS
FUNCTION



EXAMPLES
Personal—I, me, we, us,
you, she, he, him, they, it,
etc.
A substitute for a noun
(or for another
pronoun). The word that
the pronoun replaces it
called its antecedent.


Demonstrative— this,
these, that, those
If the assignment is
long, it will require
some planning.

Interrogative—which,
who, whose, etc.
Here, it is the pronoun,
and assignment is its
antecedent.


Indefinite— each, many,
none, one, some, both,
anyone, neither, everything,
etc.
Possessive—his, her, my,
our, your, their, its
PRONOUN PRACTICE
Highlight the pronouns and draw an arrow to their antecedents (if
applicable). Also, write P if the pronoun is personal, D if it is
demonstrative, INT if it is interrogative, IND if it is indefinite, and POS
if it is possessive.
Charlie was so excited to go to school at Greer Middle College
this August. He had planned for weeks to wear his snazzy blue
shirt and Nike shoes. While he was enthusiastic about school,
his sister was not. Susie did everything she could to avoid
getting into the car that morning. She even hid under the
covers and hoped her mom wouldn’t find her. That was a bad
plan. Eventually, the siblings went to school and everything
was fine! Who needs to worry about such things as school?
VERBS
VERBS
FUNCTION
EXAMPLES
Describes an action or
state of being

Tenses—example
Present

Changes to show:
Person=who did it (i.e. I
write vs She writes)

Number= one or more?
(i.e. he sings vs They sing)

Past
Progressive

Perfect

Future
Tense= when it happens
(i.e. She argues vs She
argued)
Voice= acting or acted
upon (i.e. She paid the bill
vs The bill was paid)
Mood= speaker’s stance
toward action (i.e. I am
awesome vs If I were
awesome)
VERB PRACTICE
In the following paragraph, circle the verbs. Also, indicate if
the verb is past, present, progressive, or perfect.
Sarah participates well in class. While she disliked
middle school, she truly enjoys high school. Sarah’s
favorite thing about high school is the lunch; she loves
Zaxby’s! Her friend Ruby is running cross country for
GMC, and she has practiced every day with the team for
a few weeks now. Sarah is not a fan of running, but she
likes to exercise. Maybe Sarah will go to tryouts for golf,
if her mom approves.
ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVES
FUNCTION

Adjectives modify (limit the
meaning of) nouns and
pronouns
EXAMPLES





They describe, identify, or
quantify (#) these words
**Adjectives usually come
before the words they
modify, though they may
follow verbs
***Articles (a, an, the) are
also adjectives

The green Jeep ran off the
road.
That Jeep has a flat tire.
I saw several Jeeps drive by.

The defective car was in
the shop.
The car was defective.

I saw the car drive by.

ADJECTIVE PRACTICE
Circle the adjectives and draw arrows to the nouns/pronouns they modify.
1. Stephen seemed angry after he finished the new book.
2. Martin’s diligent studying has made the difference in his grade.
3. Before the next meeting, the president will meet with the marketing staff.
4. Alabama’s governor replied quickly to the blunt question.
5. Their old dog has stopped retrieving the daily newspaper.
6. The painted dresser, which looked blue last evening, has green highlights.
7. The conductor was completely delighted with our strong performance.
8. Professor Dumbledore made a surprise announcement: Harry would compete
in the upcoming tournament.
9. They answered the challenging questions but missed the easy ones.
10. Ted’s father generously provided him a weekly allowance.
ADVERBS
ADVERBS
FUNCTION


Adverbs modify
verbs, adjectives,
other adverbs, or
entire clauses. Many
adverbs end in –ly,
though some don’t
(always, never, very,
well, etc.).
Tell how, when, or,
where something
happens
EXAMPLES
John recently visited his
father in Greer.
 It was unexpectedly
exciting.
 He very soon discovered
Jones Gap.
 Frankly, he would have
stayed another month.

ADVERB PRACTICE
Underline the verb(s). Circle the adverb(s) in the sentences
below. Be sure to find adverbs modifying adjectives/entire clauses
as well.
1. Scott carefully completed his obnoxiously lengthy
homework.
2. We’re going to the store today.
3. The sad dog ran away.
4. Noisily, the helicopter flew in the sky.
5. We often eat dinner with our family.
6. My parents are happily married.
7. He quickly closed the door.
8. Later, we will have an expertly prepared dinner.
9. Before their wedding, the happily engaged couple saved
their money.
CONJUNCTIONS
CONJUNCTIONS
FUNCTION
EXAMPLES
Conjunctions connect words or
groups of words to each other and
tell something about the
relationships between these
words.
Coordinating Conjunctions:
For And Nor But Or Yet So
FANBOYS
Coordinating Conjunctions
join equal structures (i.e. two or
more nouns, pronouns, verbs,
adjectives, adverbs, prepositions,
conjunctions, phrases, or clauses)
Correlative Conjunctions join
equal elements in pairs
Subordinating Conjunctions
show the relationship between an
adverb clause (usually dependent)
and another clause (independent)
Correlative Conjunctions:
Both/And
Neither/ Nor
Either/Or
Not only/But also
Just as/So
Whether/Or
Subordinating Conjunctions:
Sweat ran down my face while I
searched for my child.
After, although, as, as if, because,
before, even though, if, in order that,
once, since, so that, than, though,
unless, until, when, where, whether,
while
CONJUNCTION PRACTICE #1
Circle the conjunctions, and try to identify which type of
conjunction each is.
1. I like apples and bananas.
2. You can come to the meeting as long as you don’t say anything.
3. We are losing now, but I think our team will win in the long run.
4. Both Jeremy and Joshua have red hair.
5. Keep your hand on the wound until the nurse tells you to remove it.
6. I didn’t study, so I will probably fail this quiz.
7. I am not only a daughter, but also a friend.
8. If it rains on Sunday, I will not be able to drive.
9. Neither my mother nor my father will be able to attend the parentteacher conference.
CONJUNCTION PRACTICE #2
Write your own sentences using the type of conjunction listed.
Underline the conjunction used.
10. Coordinating
11. Correlative
12. Subordinating
13. Your choice! Label it.
PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS
FUNCTION
EXAMPLES
Prepositions express
relationships (in time, space,
or other senses) between
nouns or pronouns and other
words in a sentence.
Common Prepositions:
About
By
Near
Above
Between
On
Across
During
Through
At
In
Over
Behind
Into
With
We did not want to leave
during the game.
The contestants waited
nervously for the
announcement.
Drive across the bridge,
and go down the avenue
past three stoplights.
PREPOSITIONS PRACTICE
Circle or highlight all of the prepositions you can find. Feel free to just
highlight the preposition at the beginning of the phrase.
Francis Macomber had, half an hour before, been carried to
his tent from the edge of the camp in triumph on the arms
and shoulders of the cook, the personal boys, the skinner and
the porters. The gun-bearers had taken no part in the
demonstration. When the native boys put him down at the
door of his tent, he had shaken all their hands, received their
congratulations, and then gone into the tent and sat on the
bed until his wife came in. She did not speak to him when she
came in and he left the tent at once to wash his face and
hands in the portable wash basin outside and go over to the
dining tent to sit in a comfortable canvas chair in the breeze
and the shade.
INTERJECTIONS
INTERJECTIONS
FUNCTION
EXAMPLES
Interjections express
surprise or emotion—
oh, ouch, ah, hey, etc.
They often stand alone
as fragments, and even
when interjections are
part of a sentence, they
do not relate
grammatically to the
rest of the sentence.
Hey, no one said life would
be easy.
Whoa! Chill out, brother.
Yikes! That test was
difficult.
Wow, I didn’t know you were
going to say that.
Ouch, that hurt!
I don’t know but, goodness,
that experience was crazy!
INTERJECTIONS PRACTICE
Circle the interjections in the sentences below.
1. Hey! Keep your hands off that camera.
2. Darn, Alice is late again.
3. Gee, I really thought I would have won.
4. I think I, uh, forgot your name.
Write your own sentences with interjections, expressing the
following emotions:
5. Surprise
6. Hesitation
7. Pain
8. Impatience