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Section 37-2
37–2
Blood and the Lymphatic System
A. Blood Plasma
B. Blood Cells
1. Red Blood Cells
2. White Blood Cells
3. Platelets and Blood Clotting
C. The Lymphatic System
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37–2 Blood and the Lymphatic System
A.
Blood Plasma
Human body contain 4-6 liters of blood
45% of blood is red blood cells and the other 55% is
plasma - a straw colored fluid
Plasma – 90% water and 10% dissolved gases, salts,
nutrients, enzymes, hormones, waste products, and
proteins called plasma proteins.
Plasma proteins – transport substances, and
contain Fibroinogen, which helps blood to clot when you
get a scratch
B.
1.
Blood Cells
Red Blood Cells
a.k.a. erythrocytes
Red blood cells transport oxygen
Hemoglobin – iron-containing protein that binds to
oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues through
out the body
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•2.
White Blood Cells
-a.k.a. leukocytes
-DO NOT contain hemoglobin
-Made also in Red bone marrow
-White blood cells are the “army” of the circulatory
system – they guard against infection, fight
parasites, and attack bacteria
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•Lymphocytes – a special class of white blood cells, produce
antibodies that are proteins that help destroy pathogens.
•White blood cells have the ability to slip out of capillary walls
travel through the lymphatic system and attack an invading
organism. Ex. Virus
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3.
Platelets and Blood Clotting
Blood clotting is made possible by plasma proteins
and cell fragments called platelets.
Platelets – cell fragment that cluster together at an
opening in a blood vessle.
The platelets release clotting factor proteins and clot the
hole
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Figure 37-10 Blood Clotting
Section 37-2
Break in Capillary Wall
Clumping of Platelets
Clot Forms
Blood vessels injured.
Platelets clump at the site
and release thromboplastin.
Thromboplastin converts
prothrombin into thrombin..
Thrombin converts
fibrinogen into fibrin, which
causes a clot. The clot
prevents further loss of
blood..
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4. Blood clotting disorder
*Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that results from a
defective protein in the clotting pathway
*People with this disorder cannot produce blood clots
that are firm enough to stop even minor bleeding
*This can be treated with injections of the protein
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