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Blood Objectives • Describe the functions of blood • Describe blood plasma • Explain the functions of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets • Summarize the process of blood clotting What is Blood? • Blood is a type of connective tissue containing dissolved substances and specialized cells • Human body contains 4-6 liters of blood (about 8% total body mass) Functions of Blood • Collects O2 from lungs, nutrients from digestive tract, and waste products from tissues • Helps maintain homeostasis – Ex: body temperature • Helps fight infections • Forms clots to repair damaged blood vessels Blood Plasma • Plasma – straw-colored fluid that makes up 55% of blood – other 45% is cells • Plasma is 90% water • Other 10% is… – – – – – – – Dissolved gases Salts Nutrients Enzymes Hormones Waste products Proteins called plasma proteins Blood Plasma Proteins • Three Groups: – Albumins • Transport fatty acids, hormones, vitamins • Regulate osmotic pressure and blood volume – Globulins • Transport fatty acids, hormones, vitamins • Some fight viral and bacterial infections – Fibrinogen • Responsible for the ability of blood to clot Blood Cells • Three Types of Blood Cells: – Red Blood Cells – White Blood Cells – Platelets Red Blood Cells • • • • • • Most numerous cells in the blood Mature red blood cells have no nuclei Also called erythrocytes Red blood cells transport oxygen Get their color from hemoglobin Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body where the oxygen is released • Red blood cells last about 120 days – Old red blood cells are destroyed by the liver and spleen White Blood Cells • • • • Also called leukocytes Do not contain hemoglobin Have nuclei White blood cells guard against infection, fight parasites, and attack bacteria • Phagocytes are a type of WBC that engulfs and digests bacteria and other microorganisms • Lymphocytes are a type of WBC that produce antibodies to fight viral infection and produce immunity to many diseases • Antibody is a protein that destroys pathogens (disease-causing agents) Platelets and Blood Clotting • Blood clotting is made possible by plasma proteins and cell fragments called platelets • Platelets are cell fragments released by bone marrow that help in blood clotting • A platelet is fragment of cytoplasm enclosed in a piece of cell membrane Platelets and Blood Clotting • When platelets come into contact with the edges of a broken blood vessel, their surfaces become sticky • They then release proteins called clotting factors • The platelets are then converted into fibrin filaments, which produce a blood clot Blood Types • Human blood type is classified by the antigens on the surface of red blood cells – – – – Type A Type B Type AB Type O • Type A blood cells also have Type B antibodies – If a Type A person receives Type B blood, the body will reject it Notes Review • What are the functions of blood? – Collects O2 from lungs, nutrients from digestive tract, and waste products from tissues – Helps maintain homeostasis – Helps fight infections – Forms clots to repair damaged blood vessels Notes Review • Describe blood plasma. – Plasma is straw-colored fluid that makes up 55% of blood – Plasma is 90% water and 10% dissolved substances Notes Review • Explain the functions of each type of blood cell. – Red blood cell: transports oxygen – White blood cell: guards against infection, fights parasites, and attacks bacteria – Platelets: help in blood clotting Notes Review • Summarize the process of blood clotting. – When platelets come into contact with the edges of a broken blood vessel, their surfaces become sticky – They then release proteins called clotting factors – The platelets are then converted into fibrin filaments, which produce a blood clot