Download Generator Design Using MotorSolve v6

Generator Design Using MotorSolve v6
Outline
• Introduction: Motor vs. Generator analysis
• Generator analysis in MotorSolve
– Performance charts
– Analysis charts
• An Example – High speed generator
Introduction: Motors vs. Generators
Motors can also operate as generators
Common design principles for motors and generators
Design of outputs is different for motors and generators
Optimal generator design will be different than optimal motor
design
• Most software tools use the fact that motors can act as
generators and address only motors
• Need specialized generator design tool
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Introduction: Generator Configurations and Loads
• Loads in order of complexity
– No load (open circuit)
– Short-circuit
– Passive impedance loads (plain resistive/inductive loads)
– Infinite Bus (connection to a large AC system or grid)
– Diode Rectifier
Introduction: MotorSolve for Generator Design
• Generator Design Process
– Start with the common motor/generator design procedures
– Obtain open circuit characteristics
– Generator analysis on current design
– Modify generator based on output from generator analysis
MotorSolve Interface
Common Motor/Generator Design
• Choices to be made:
– Outer diameter – usually based on specification
– Inner diameter – may be based on specification
– Number of rotor poles
– Number of stator slots
– Rotor topology
– Stator slot shape
Common Motor/Generator Design
• MotorSolve Design Tab
– Can be multiple designs
Common Motor/Generator Design
• MotorSolve General Settings Design Tab Inputs
Template Selection
Common Motor/Generator Design
• Rotor Design
– Rotor Parameters for the chosen template
Common Motor/Generator Design
• Stator Design
Common Motor/Generator Design
• Winding Specification
Common Motor/Generator Design
• Winding Charts
Input Panel
(line-line Back-EMF shown)
Chart Selection
Winding Charts – Gorges Diagram
12 Slot – Integral Slot Winding
Winding Charts – Gorges Diagram
15 slot Winding – Fractional Pitch Winding
91% winding Factor
Winding Charts – Gorges Diagram
18 slot – Fractional Pitch Winding
94.5% Winding Factor
Generator Analysis – Load Type 1 – Open Circuit
• Example of a back-EMF waveform
Generator Analysis – Load type 2 – Short Circuit
• An Example of the Operating Point Output from MotorSolve
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RMS short-circuit current (A)
Advance angle at short-circuit (º)
Maximum power (kW)
Load for maximum power (Ω)
RMS voltage at maximum power (V)
RMS current at maximum power (A)
Advance angle at maximum power (º)
18.8344991499398
134.690030242751
0.063076251443926
0.201656053359305
3.56646995317236
10.2109624443157
157.376624911883
Generator Analysis – Load Type 3
Passive Impedance Loads
• Basic Performance Charts Available in MotorSolve
– Voltage Regulation
– Voltage vs. Current
– Power vs. Speed
– Torque vs. Load Angle
– Phasors
• Can also be used with Load Type 4– Infinite bus
Generator Analysis – Load Type 3
Defining the Impedance Load
• Defined using the impedance and power factor
Generator Load Analysis – Load Type 3
Voltage Regulation
Voltage Regulation is used to help control the terminal voltage
Generator Load Analysis – Load Type 3
Voltage vs. Current
• Displays Voltage as a function of current and impedance
Purely Resistive load
Power Factor of 0.9
Generator Load Analysis – Load Type 3
Power vs. Speed
• Useful to display power as a function of speed and load
impedance
Constant Resistive Load
Impedance varied to maintain
maximum power
Generator Load Analysis – Load Type 3
Torque vs. Load Angle
• Shows the torque of prime move at constant speed while load
angle is varied
Generator Load Analysis – Load Type 3
Phasors
• Phasor Diagrams for various operating modes
• Also Available for motors
PM Generator
Salient Pole Generator
Generator Analysis Charts
• Predefined charts are useful but user sometime needs to be
able to perform custom analysis
• Four modes of analysis (in order of increasing complexity)
– Operating points
– D-Q analysis
– Reduced order model analysis
– Motion Analysis
Generator Analysis Charts
Operating points
• Available for single speed or multiple speed analysis
• Quantities available from analysis:
Generator Analysis Charts
Operating points
• Examples:
Single Speed results
Multiple Speed Results
Generator Analysis Charts
D-Q Analysis
• Based on D-Q analysis using field analysis
• Two modes of operation
– Time-averaged calculations
– Phasor display
• Each mode of operation has its own set of quantities which
can be displayed
• Available for both infinite bus and impedance loads
• Variables are:
– Impedance, power factor
– Speed
• Results can be single valued or charts
Generator Analysis Charts
D-Q Analysis
• Quantities which can be displayed
Time-Averaged Results
Phasor Diagram
Generator Analysis Charts
D-Q Analysis
• Example of a chart – variable is load power factor
Generator Analysis Charts
Reduced Order Model Analysis
• Based on reduced order model of generator obtained from
field analysis
• Five display modes available:
– Waveform
– Time-averaged
– Harmonic analysis
• Amplitude
• Phase
– Phasor Diagrams
• Each mode has its’ own set of quantities which can be
displayed
• Load Type can be either Impedance or diode bridge
Generator Analysis Charts
Reduced Order Model Analysis
• Quantities which can be displayed
Waveform
Time-Averaged
Harmonic
Analysis
Phasor
Diagram
Generator Analysis Charts
Reduced Order Model Analysis
• Example: RMS line current, Output power and torque as a
function of load power factor
Generator Analysis Charts
Motion Analysis
• Pure field based analysis
• Five display modes available:
– Waveform
– Time-averaged
– Harmonic analysis
• Amplitude
• Phase
– Phasor Diagrams
• Each mode has its’ own set of quantities which can be
displayed
Generator Analysis Charts
Motion Analysis
• Quantities which can be displayed
Waveform
Time-Averaged
Harmonic
Analysis
Phasor
Diagram
Generator Analysis Charts
Motion Analysis
• Example: Current, Voltage and output power waveforms
Generator Example: High Speed Generator
• Characteristics
– 3” Diameter
– 4 poles/6 slots
– Rotor with Inconel retaining sleeve
– 150,000 RPM
– Rectified Output
– 750 Watt Maximum Rectified
Output Power
Generator Example: High Speed Generator
Rectifier
Output
Generator
Rectifier Load
Generator Design: Laminations
• Field Analysis is used for designing teeth, back iron
Range set
manually
from 0 to
1.25 Tesla
Generator Design: Total Losses
• Time-averaged Total Loss Distribution (Field Analysis)
Generator Design: Hysteresis Losses
• Time-Averaged Hysteresis losses in Steel
Generator Design: Eddy Current Losses
• Time-Averaged Eddy Current Losses in Steel, Magnets and
Sleeve
Generator Design: Winding Losses
• Time-Averaged Winding Losses
Generator Back-EMF Waveform
• Back-EMF is the same as Open Circuit Load
Maximum Peak Voltage at
Generator Terminals:
16 Volts Peak
32 Volts Peak line to line
Generator Operating Point Results
Results Obtained using Operating Point Analysis
89.20706339
• RMS short-circuit current (A)
90.35883609
• Advance angle at short-circuit (º)
850.7705435
• Maximum power (W)
0.071718741
• Load for maximum power (Ω)
7.811286202
• RMS voltage at maximum power (V)
62.8824229
• RMS current at maximum power (A)
135.1814928
• Advance angle at maximum power (º)
Reduced Order Model Analysis Results