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Chapter 12 Infectious Diseases Lesson 12.1 Key Concepts Review Multiple Choice 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. A 9. C 10. B Matching 11. C 12. A 13. D 14. B Lesson 12.1 Signs and Symptoms Signs Symptoms 1. fever (temperature of 101°F) headache, chills, sore throat 2. nasal and sinus congestion, sneezing, coughing sneezing, coughing (Note: Sneezing and coughing are considered to be signs when they are observed.) 3. pale skin feeling cold, clammy, nauseous 4. bleeding; red, inflamed skin mild pain 5. extreme weight loss (if measured previously by a healthcare provider; otherwise, a symptom) extreme thirst, frequent urination 6. inability to raise arm popping sound, sharp pain Lesson 12.1 Autobiography of a Pathogen Answers may vary. Lesson 12.2 Finding Reliable Health Information Answers may vary. 30 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Lesson 12.3 Key Term Scramble Term Definition antibody a chemical that is capable of binding to a pathogen or part of a pathogen vaccine a dead or nontoxic part of a pathogen that is injected into a person to train his or her immune system to eliminate the live pathogen cilia fine, short, hair-like appendages in the respiratory tract that move mucus up and away from the lungs fever a rise in the body’s temperature, which stimulates white blood cell production and blocks pathogen reproduction mucus a thick, watery substance that shields the body from pathogens inflammation a response to infection or injury, which prepares the body to control and remove pathogens; characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain phagocyte white blood cell that engulfs and destroys microorganisms Chapter 12 Scientific and Medical Terms Term 1. antibiotic 2. endemic 3. epidemic 4. immunity 5. microorganism 6. pandemic Word Parts Meanings Definition anti- against bi/o life -tic pertaining to pertaining to (being) against life (An antibiotic is a substance that fights “against life”— specifically, against bacterial microorganisms.) en- within dem/o people -ic pertaining to epi- above; upon dem/o people -ic pertaining to immun/o safe; protection -ity quality, state, or degree micro- small organ/o organ -ism condition pan- all dem/o people -ic pertaining to Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. pertaining to (affecting) within people (being confined to a small number of people) pertaining to (affecting) upon or above people (encompassing an above-normal number of people) the quality, state, or degree of (being) safe or protected condition of (being a) small organ pertaining to (affecting) all people 31 Term 7. parasite 8. pathogen 9. phagocyte 10. pneumonia 11. protozoa 12. zoonosis Word Parts Meanings Definition para- near; beside; alongside sit/o food (being) near or alongside food A parasite is situated “near” its host, and it feeds upon and gains nourishment from the host. path/o disease -gen substance that produces phag/o eat; swallow; engulf -cyte cell pneumon/o lung -ia state; condition prot/o first zo/o animal life -a plural suffix zo/o animal life -(n)osis abnormal condition a substance that produces disease a cell that eats, swallows, or engulfs (a pathogen such as a bacterium or virus) state or condition of the lung Pneumonia affects the lungs. first animals Protozoa play a vital role in maintaining the balance of microbial life, and they are the basis of many food chains. abnormal condition of animal life Zoonosis is a disease transmitted from animals to humans. Chapter 12 Reading Practice 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. D Chapter 12 Practice Test Completion 1. microorganisms, pathogens 2. pathogens 3. communicable diseases 4. noncommunicable 5. Signs 6. Symptoms True/False 7. F 8. F 9. T 10. T 11. F 12. T 32 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 13. F 14. T 15. T Multiple Choice 16. D 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. D Matching 21. F 22. A 23. M 24. G 25. D 26. I 27. K 28. B 29. L 30. J 31. C 32. H 33. E Short Answer 34. Answers may vary. The internal and external body surfaces are always in contact with microorganisms that could include pathogens. The body’s outermost skin is composed of many layers of scaly, overlapping cells that form a nearly impenetrable physical barrier to pathogens. The skin is also dry. Microorganisms thrive in moist environments and will not grow on skin where little water is available. Sweat secreted onto the skin contains salt, which blocks the growth of bacteria by dehydrating them. Skin oils make the body’s outer surface acidic, which knocks out bacterial metabolism, keeping bacterial growth under control. 35. Answers may vary. A vaccine contains either a dead pathogen or a nontoxic component of a pathogen, such as part of a bacterial cell wall or the coating of a virus. When injected into a person, the vaccine provokes an immune response. The injected person’s body produces white blood cells, proteins, and chemicals that fight infections. Examples of vaccines include MMR, which prevents measles, mumps, and rubella; chickenpox; polio; hepatitis B; hemophilus; DTP (diphtheria); tetanus; and pertussis (whooping cough). 37. Answers may vary. Direct transmission is the exchange of infectious material from its origin to a susceptible individual. This transmission can occur through direct contact or by droplet spread. In direct contact, microorganisms are passed during physical intimacy or contact. In droplet spread, contaminated droplets are inhaled or swallowed and cause illness. Indirect transmission is the exchange of infectious material to a susceptible person by a source that acts solely as a carrier. Infectious diseases may be spread by animals or vectors; contaminated sources or objects such as a water or food supply, hypodermic needles, or blood; and dust particles or droplets much smaller than those involved in direct transmission. Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. 33