Download PIA # 2 Ancient Civilizations Grade 7

Name and Period:
Ancient Civilizations
Second Quarter P.I.A. Study Guide
Chapter 5
1) What mountain range separates India and China? What is unique about this mountain range?
The Himalayas; they are the tallest mountain system in the world and they contain they world’s highest peak, Mt. Everest
2) According to Hinduism, people are reincarnated. What is an individual’s reincarnation dependent upon?
Karma
3) How are the religions of Hinduism and Buddhism different?
Hinduism is polytheistic, has multiple gods, while Buddhism has no god
4) The religion of Hinduism follows a ___ System.
Caste
5) What religion evolved from Hinduism?
Buddhism
Chapter 6 and 14
6) Which Chinese dynasty was the first to develop a writing system?
Shang
7) What are some primary values that Confucius believed?
Honesty, fairness, and education
8) Under which Chinese dynasty did actual construction of the Great Wall of China begin?
Qin
9) Why was the Great Wall of China originally built?
To protect China from northern invaders
10) How did advanced printing inventions limit the use of another Chinese invention—paper money?
Printing money was so easy that too much was printed, making it worthless.
11) What instrument was invented during the Tang Dynasty?
Compass
12) Analyze one invention of the Han Dynasty.
 The Han Chinese invented one item that we use every day - paper. They made it by grinding plant fibers, such as mulberry bark and hemp,
into a paste. Then they let it dry in sheets. Chinese scholars produced “books” by pasting several pieces of paper together into a long sheet.
Then they rolled the sheet into a scroll.
 A sundial uses the position of shadows cast by the sun to tell the time of day. The sundial was an early type of clock.
 A seismograph is a device that measures the strength of an earthquake. Han emperors were very interested in knowing about the
movements of the earth. They believed that earthquakes were signs of future evil events.
 Another Han innovation, acupuncture, improved medicine. Acupuncture is the practice of inserting ne needles through the skin at specific
points to cure disease or relieve pain. Many Han inventions in science and medicine are still used today.
13) What is the name of the desert that forms much of China’s northern border? What country does this desert separate China from?
The Gobi Desert separates China from Mongolia
14) What was the official language of Japan’s government for many years?
Chinese
Chapter 7
15) What did the Ten Commandments do to the central message of Judaism? Describe two commandments.
The Ten Commandments state ten moral laws. By accepting these moral laws, the Hebrews promised to worship only one God as well as agree
to other moral laws outlining murder, adultery, and envy.
16) The holy book of Judaism is the ___.
Torah
17) Who is the prophet of Judaism?
Jesus
Chapter 12
18) Where is the Arabian Peninsula located?
The southwest corner of Asia
19) Why is Arabia considered a “crossroads” location?
Trade routes linking Africa, Asia, and Europe run through it
20) Is the Islamic religion the world’s oldest religion?
No
21) What is a similarity among the religions of Islam, Judaism, and Christianity?
They all believe that there is only one God
22) How is the Qur´an similar to other holy books?
It describes guidelines for moral behavior.
23) What is the central teaching of Islam?
Allah is the only God and Muhammad is his prophet.
24) Examine three of the Five Pillars of Islam.
 The Five Pillars of Islam acts of worship required of all Muslims.
i.
The 1st pillar is a statement of faith. At least once in their lives, Muslims must state their faith by saying,
“There is no god but God, and Muhammad is his prophet.” Muslims say this when they accept Islam. They also say it in their daily prayers.
ii.
The 2nd pillar of Islam is daily prayer. Muslims must pray five times a day: before sunrise, at midday, in late afternoon, right after sunset,
and before going to bed. At each of these times, a call goes out from a mosque, inviting Muslims to come pray. Muslims try to pray together
at a mosque. They believe prayer is proof that someone has accepted Allah.
iii.
The 3rd pillar of Islam is a yearly donation to charity. Muslims must pay part of their wealth to a religious official. This money is used to help
the poor, build mosques, or pay debts. Helping and caring for others is important in Islam.
iv.
The 4th pillar is fasting going with-out food and drink. Muslims fast daily during the holy month of Ramadan. The Qur´an says Allah began
his revelations to Muhammad in this month. During Ramadan, most Muslims will not eat or drink anything between dawn and sunset.
Muslims believe fasting is a way to show that God is more important than one’s own body. Fasting also reminds Muslims of people in the
world who struggle to get enough food.
v.
The 5th pillar of Islam is the hajj, a pilgrimage to Mecca. All Muslims must travel to Mecca at least once in their lives if they can. The
Kaaba, in Mecca, is Islam’s most sacred place.