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Momentum Notes Momentum Momentum (ρ)= Mass x Velocity ρ = mv ρ = momentum (kg·m/s) m= mass (kg) v= velocity (m/s) Momentum Linear momentum of an object of mass m moving with a velocity v is the product of the mass and velocity Inertia in motion Law of Conservation of Momentum Law of conservation of momentum says that in the absence of an external force, the total momentum of a system remains unchanged. Law of Conservation of Momentum – Continued 1) This law applies to a closed system (one where no mass is gained or lost) Law of Conservation of Momentum – Continued Momentum conserved if: 2) At all times, only two objects are involved 3) The only forces involved are internal Impulse I=Ft I= impulse (N*s) F=force (N) t= time (s) Also Ft=mv2-mv1 F=Force (N) m=mass (kg) v=velocity (m/s) Impulses Product of the average net force exerted on an object and the time interval over which the force acts. F•t = impulse (I) Impulses are measured in N•s Impulse/Momentum Theorem Impulse of an object is equal to the change in momentum it causes F • t = mv2 – mv1 Impulse If you extend the time of impact you reduce the amount of force. Types of Collisions Elastic Collisions – when objects collide without being permanently deformed and without generating heat Ex: Billiard balls colliding Elastic Collisions m1v1 + m2v2 = m1v1 + m2v2 st m1=mass of 1 object (kg) v1=velocity of 1st object(m/s) m2= mass of 2nd object(kg) nd v2=velocity of 2 object(m/s) Types of Collisions Inelastic Collisions – whenever colliding objects become tangled or couple together Ex: Two freight train cars hitting and continuing Inelastic Collision m1v1 + m2v2 = mtotalvtotal m1=mass of 1st object (kg) v1=velocity of 1st object(m/s) m2= mass of 2nd object(kg) v2=velocity of 2nd object(m/s) mtot= 1st and 2nd mass added vtot= final velocity of both Calculations momentum before collision = momentum after collision ρbefore = ρafter ρ1 + ρ2= ρ1 + ρ2