Download Lab Physics, Chapter 1 review

Lab 9 Physics, Final Exam Review
Name _______________________ Period ______
1.
Define speed.
2.
What does it mean to say an object is moving at a constant velocity?
How will motion with constant velocity show up on a distance vs time graph?
3.
What are the typical units of speed?
Use the graph at right:
60
a) Draw the trendline (line of best fit).
b) Calculate the rise and run
d) What is the speed of the object whose
motion is portrayed in the graph and how
do you know?
position (m)
c) Calculate the slope of the line.
50
40
30
20
10
e) Is the object moving with a constant
speed and how do you know?
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9 10 11
time (s)
4.
A train travels 225 km in 2.5 hours. What is the train’s average velocity?
Looking for
Solution
Given
Formula
5. Define acceleration. What are typical units for acceleration? What is the formula for acceleration knowing
velocities and time?
6. The acceleration due to gravity is:____________ m/s/s.
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7. A 10 N force and a 30 N force act on an object in opposite directions. The net force on the object is
__________ (10 N, 30 N, 20 N, 40 N).
8. Acceleration of an object must be caused by a force that is (zero, positive, negative, not zero)
9. The inertia of an object is related to its (mass and speed, speed only, mass only, mass and force).
10. A car has a mass of 1000 kg and accelerates at 2 m/s/s. The magnitude of the net force acting on the car is
(1500 N, 500 N, 2000 N, 1000 N, not given).
11. A 10 N force and a 30 N force act on an object in the same direction. The net force on the object is
__________ (10 N, 30 N, 20 N, 40 N).
12. After a cannon ball is fired into frictionless space, the amount of force needed to keep it going equals
___________.
a. zero, since no force is necessary to keep it c. twice the force with which it was fired.
moving.
b. the same amount of force which which it d. one half the force with which is was fired.
was fired.
13.
You push to the left with a 12 N force on a 10 kg block. In addition, there is a 15 N force of friction to
the right as well as your friend’s push of 8 N to the left.
a.
Draw a force diagram for this situation.
b.
Calculate the net force acting on the block and indicate in which direction it acts.
c.
Calculate the block’s acceleration.
14.
Explain the difference between the mass and the weight of an object.
15. In order to have momentum an object must have both _______ and ______.
16.
What is the equation for momentum?
17.
What does it mean to say that momentum is conserved?
18.
What is meant by the term “impulse? What is the formula for impulse?
What does an impulse do to an object’s momentum?
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19.
a.
b.
c.
A 100 kg motorcycle travels with a speed of 10 m/s.
What is its momentum?
How fast must a 20 kg bike travel to have same momentum?
How fast must a 1000 Kg sedan travel to have the same momentum?
20. A speeding truck makes contact with a bug on its windshield. Which experiences a greater force (if either)
and why: The bug or the truck?
21. The impulse applied to an object is equal to the change in the object’s (mass,inertia,momentum)
22. A massive SUV and a much smaller smart car traveling at the same speed have a head-on collision. The
vehicle to experience the greater impulse will be the _________. (SUV, Smart car, Both the same)
23. Whenever an object exerts a force on another object, the second object exerts a force of the same
magnitude, but in the opposite direction to that of the first. (Sometimes, Never, Always)
24. Forces always occur _____ (as single quantities, by themselves, in triplets, in pairs)
25. A unit used to measure work is the _______ (Joule, Newton second, Newtons per second, watt)
26. Energy that is stored due to the position of an object may be called ____ (kinetic, potential, radiant, power)
energy.
27. An object falls without friction near Earth’s surface. The loss of its potential energy is equal to its _____
(loss in height, gain in speed, gain in height, gain in kinetic energy).
28. How much work do you do if you lift a 200 N box a distance of 3 m?
Solution-(Show relationships, substitutions,
Looking For
solutions, and units)
Given
Formulas
29. What is the kinetic energy of a 4-kilogram ball that is rolling at 4 meters per second? 3.2
Solution-(Show relationships, substitutions,
Looking For
solutions, and units)
Given
Formulas
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30. A device used to observe electric attraction and repulsion is a(n):
a. voltmeter.
b. compass.
c. galvanometer.
d. electroscope.
31. Negative electric charges:
a. repel positive charges and attract negative charges.
b. attract both positive charges and negative charges.
c. attract positive charges and repel negative charges.
d. repel both positive charges and negative charges.
32. A (negative) vinyl strip that has been rubbed with a paper towel is brought in close proximity to an electroscope,
but not touched to it. As a result electrons will now be moved and charges will now be located on the
electroscope:
a. positive at the top and negative at the bottom
b. negative at the top and negative at the bottom
c. positive at the top and positive at the bottom
d. negative at the top and positive at the bottom
33. When the distance between two positively charged objects increases, the force between them:
a. increases.
c. is the same.
b. decreases.
34. An electroscope is observed to have a repelling force at the bottom. You are testing to determine the charge on
the electroscope. You use a positively charged strip of acetate and bring it close to the top of the electroscope.
You see further repulsion at the bottom of the electroscope. The charge on the electroscope is:
a. negative
b. positive
c. neutral
d. cannot be
determined
35.An electroscope, that has no charge on it at the start of an experiment, is charged by touching it with a positively
charged acetate strip. The net charge on the electroscope after it has been touched by the acetate strip is:
a. negative
c. neutral
b. cannot be determined from given
d. positive
information
36.
A ____________ is a positive particle in an atom while an ___________ is a negative particle.
37. The variable for charge is ________ and the unit is _____________ .
38. ________________ are materials that inhibit the movement of electrons (don’t let them move).
39. Atoms are ____________________ when one end is positive and one end is negative.
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40. Opposite charges __________. Like charges ___________.
41. A material that allows electrons to move through it is called a(n) _________________.
42.
Protons and electrons have the ______ amount of charge but _______________ sign.
43. The buildup of static charge on an object is called __________ electricity.
44. Protons and neutrons are found grouped together in the ______________ .
45. An object with equal amounts of positive and negative charge is called ___________________ .
46. Mark each box “yes” or “no” to indicate whether or not the described action will occur.
Action
Positive (Acetate)
Negative (Vinyl)
Neutral (Foil)
Positive acetate repels
Neutral foil attracts
Negative vinyl attracts
47. Two negative charged objects are separated from each other by 3 centimeters. What is the direction of electrical
force between them? What if one was replaced with a positive object?
48. How do you find the charge on an object when it has protons and electrons pictured?
49. Explain what happens to the electrical force between two protons particles if
a. The distance between them is cut in half. (stronger, weaker, opposite direction)
b. The distance between them is tripled. (stronger, weaker, opposite direction)
c. One of the protons is replaced with an electron. (stronger, weaker, opposite direction)
d. One of the protons is replaced with three electrons. (stronger, weaker, opposite direction)
50. Describe what happens when you bring a negatively charged object close to the top of a neutral electroscope
without touching the electroscope.
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51. The motion of charges in wires, motors, light bulbs and other devices is best called electric _____ (power,
voltage, current, conductance).
52.
What is a circuit diagram?____________________________________________________________________
53. In many circuit diagrams, any device that uses electrical energy can be represented as a _________ (light bulb,
resistor, motor).
54. A circuit with a switch turned to the ON position or a circuit without any break is called (a)n _______ (closed
circuit, short circuit, resistor circuit, open circuit).
55.
An open circuit ______ (is off, is on, has a break in it, requires no voltage).
56. Suppose you are trying to help someone gain a better understanding of electric circuits. If you compare an
electrical circuit to a system that carries water, what would the water pipes represent? ______ (Battery, wires,
electromagnet, switch).
57.
In an electrical circuit, the term voltage refers to ______ (power, current, resistance, electric potential energy).
58. A device that uses chemical energy to push current in a circuit is called a ____ (battery, voltmeter, ammeter,
potentiometer).
59.
In an electrical circuit, what does a battery do? What do multiple batteries do?
60. Which of the following makes a good analogy for a battery? _____ (Water pipes, narrow area in water pipe,
water faucet, water tower and pump).
61. What voltage reading would you get if you connect both probes of a voltmeter to only the positive end of a 1.5volt battery?
62.
Electric current will not pass easily through a(n): ______. (absorber, conductor, semiconductor, insulator).
63.
Name some good conductors of electricity.
64. The ability of an object to resist current is called: ___________________ (voltage, electrical inertia, alternating
current, electrical resistance).
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65.
An ohm is the unit of measurement for: ____ (electrical power, voltage, current, resistance).
66. The mathematical relationship between current, voltage, and resistance is known as ____ (Kirchoff’s,
Faraday’s, Ohm’s, Murphy’s) law.
67. As Jing toasts her morning waffle in the family toaster, 4.0 amps of current flows with a voltage of 120 volts
across the toaster. The resistance of the toaster is: ____ (30 watts, 30 ohms, 480 watts, 0.033 ohms).
68. A stereo receiver is plugged into a 120-volt outlet. If the receiver has a resistance of 240 ohms, how much
current does it use?
69. What happens to the current in a circuit with fixed voltage if you crease the resistance of the circuit? (increases,
decreases, stays the same, voltage increases).
70. A light bulb requires 2 amps to produce light. The resistance of the bulb is 3 ohms. How many batteries do you
need if each battery is 1.5 volts?
71. How do you measure voltage in a circuit? (put multimeter across the resistor, break the circuit and have
multimeter complete it)
72. How do you measure current in a circuit? (put multimeter across the resistor, break the circuit and have
multimeter complete it)
73.In the circuit below, 3 amps of current passes through the light bulb. The resistance of the light bulb is 3 ohms:
What is the voltage of the battery?
74. A battery connected to a light bulb with a resistance of 5 ohms causes a current of 2 amperes to flow through the
bulb pictured in the diagram below:
The voltage across the light bulb is ____ volt(s).
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75.
What should the voltmeter read (approximately)?
76. How can a battery, wires, and light bulb be hooked up to make the light bulb glow? (Think about the
first lab we did in this unit).
27. Construct the circuit diagrams from the pictures.—Use the appropriate symbols.
a
b
c
77. What is a short circuit? What is an easy way to construct a short circuit using a battery, wires, and a light
bulb? What happens to a circuit that has a “short”?
78.What is resistance?
79. What is voltage?
80. What is current?
81. What is power?
82. In what type of circuit does resistance increase when more resistors are added? In what type does it
decrease?
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83. What happens to the brightness of light bulbs as you add bulbs in a series circuit? In a parallel circuit?
84. What does a series circuit look like? Parallel? Draw a sketch if necessary.
85. What stays the same in a series circuit? Parallel?
86. How is voltage added in series and parallel circuits?
87. How do you find power (equation)? Current?
88. What would it cost to run a 60W light bulb for 5 hours at 12 cents/kwh?
89. What is the main difference between series and parallel circuits? (in words).
90. In a series circuit, if more bulbs are connected, what happens to their brightness? In parallel?
91. What are watts?
92. What do we buy from the electric company?
93. What happens if there is a break in a series circuit? Parallel?
94. Give an example of series and parallel circuit.
95.
What happens to the current at different points in a series circuit? In a parallel circuit?
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96.
What is a voltage drop?
97.
What are the variables and units for:
a.
power –
b.
resistance –
c.
current –
d.
voltage –
98.
A unit of motion that is repeated over and over again is called a _____________(amplitude, cycle,
frequency, reflection).
99.
______________ (amplitude, frequency, antinode, period) is the measure of the number of cycles per
second.
100. What is the term for the amount of time required for one cycle to occur? ______ (amplitude,
frequency, antinode, period)
101.
Draw what one cycle of motion/wavelength looks like.
102.
If a cycle is 8 seconds, what is the frequency? ___________
103.
Define amplitude. _____________________________________________________________________________
104.
Draw a wave and label the nodes and antinodes. How many of each are there?
105.
What is a plane wave? Circular wave? Draw pictures.
106.
What is the difference between constructive and destructive interference? Draw pictures.
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107.
If you multiply wavelength and frequency what do you get? ___________________
108. A sound wave, generated at a frequency of 440 hertz has a wavelength of 2.3 meters as it travels
through a solid material. The approximate speed of the wave is ____ m/sec
109.
What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency? ________________________________________
110. The wavelength of a certain wave is 2.0 meters. If the speed of the wave is 330 meters per second,
the frequency of this wave is ____ Hz.
111.
If a bird flaps its wings 80 times per second, what is the period of vibration of the wings? __________
112. A wave crest hits a beach every 8 seconds. The distance between each wave crest is 36 meters.
A) What is the period?
B) What is the frequency?
C) What is the wavelength?
D) Calculate the speed of the waves as they travel toward the beach.
113. Using the attached grid, draw a graph that represents a wave with a wavelength of 60 m and amplitude of
20 m.
60
displacement(m)
40
20
0
-20
-40
-60
0
20
40
60
80
100
distance(m)
114.
Describe each of the following using at least one complete sentence.
a. reflection
b. diffraction
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c. absorption
d. interference
115. What is the speed of light? What letter do we use to represent it?
116. What are the two types of reflection? Which helps us see our reflection in a flat (plane mirror)?
117. The angle of incidence and angle of reflection are __________.
118. As you go through the visible light spectrum, how do wavelength, frequency, and energy change?
119. What travels faster, sound or light?
120. How does reflected light help us to see objects?
121. Draw a picture of an arrow reflected by a plane mirror.
122. Draw and explain how light is refracted when it goes from a medium with a low to high index of
refraction.
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