Download Unit 4 - Axial Skeleton - bushelman-hap

The Axial Skeleton (Part 1)
THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
OVERVIEW
Histology of Bone Tissue
 Bone Function and Structure
 Bone Growth & Development
 Joints
 The Axial Skeleton
 The Pectoral Girdle
 The Upper Limbs
 The Pelvic Girdle
 The Lower Limbs

THE AXIAL SKELETON
22 bones in skull
 6 in middle ears
 1 hyoid bone
 26 in vertebral column
 25 in thoracic cage


80 Bones in Axial Skeleton
THE AXIAL SKELETON

Function:

Axial skeleton supports and protects organs of
head, neck and trunk
THE SKELETON (AXIAL SKELETON)
+ skull
(cranium and facial
bones)
+ hyoid bone
(anchors tongue and
muscles associated
with swallowing)
+ vertebral column
(vertebrae and disks)
+ thoracic cage
(ribs and sternum)
THE SKULL

Cranial bones (or cranium):

Structure:
8

sutured bones in cranium
Functions:
 encases
brain
 attachments for muscles (mostly neck)
 sinuses
THE SKULL

Facial bones (anterior aspect of skull):

Structure:
 13

sutured bones, 1 mandible
Functions:
 framework
of face
 cavities for sense organs of sight, taste and smell
 openings for passage of air and food
 hold teeth
 Attachments for muscles of face
NOW…LET’S TALK TEETH…

“Your teeth are also considered part of your skeletal system, but they
are not counted as bones. Your teeth are made of enamel and dentin.
Enamel is the strongest substance in your body.”
http://hes.ucfsd.org/gclaypo/skelweb/skel01.html

“When discussing the human skeletal system it is important to include
the teeth. Hillendale Health explains that even though the teeth are not
considered bones, they are part of the framework that forms the human
skeleton. It is also important to note that the enamel that forms the teeth
is the strongest substance within the body.
http://www.ehow.com/about_5099016_introduction-skeletal-system.html
SKULL (LATERAL VIEW)
SKULL (LATERAL VIEW)
INFANT SKULL (SUPERIOR VIEW)
SKULL (INFERIOR VIEW)
SKULL (POSTERIOR VIEW)
SINUSES
Frontal Sinus
Ethmoid Sinus
Sphenoid Sinus
Maxillary Sinus
“Sinus Headaches”
Location of pain: Depends on which sinuses are affected.
If frontal sinuses are affected, then pain will be felt just above the eyebrows.
If ethmoid sinuses are affected, then pain will be felt between the eyes.
If maxillary sinuses are affected, then pain will be felt in the cheekbones region.
BONES OF THE MIDDLE EAR (OSSICLES)

Structure:

A-Malleus (hammer)
B-Incus (anvil)
C-Stapes (stirrup)
(smallest bone of
the body)

Function:



Changes acoustical
energy (sound) into
mechanical energy
HYOID


Structure: see below
Function:

anchors tongue and muscles
associated with swallowing
SUMMARY
Histology of Bone Tissue
 Bone Function and Structure
 Bone Growth & Development
 Joints
 The Axial Skeleton
 The Pectoral Girdle
 The Upper Limbs
 The Pelvic Girdle
 The Lower Limbs

The Axial Skeleton (Part 2)
THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
OVERVIEW
Histology of Bone Tissue
 Bone Function and Structure
 Bone Growth & Development
 Joints
 The Axial Skeleton
 The Pectoral Girdle
 The Upper Limbs
 The Pelvic Girdle
 The Lower Limbs

THE AXIAL SKELETON (VERTEBRA)
Cervical Vertebrae (7)
Thoracic Vertebrae (12)
Lumbar Vertebrae (5)
Sacrum (5 fused)
Coccyx (4 fused)
Vertebrae vary in size and shape
CERVICAL VERTEBRAE
THORACIC VERTEBRAE
LUMBAR VERTEBRAE
COCCYX AND SACRUM
THE THORACIC CAGE

Thoracic cage
ribs
 thoracic vertebrae
 sternum and xiphoid process
 costal cartilages


Ribs
True ribs: directly attached to sternum (upper 7 pairs)
 False ribs are not directly attached to sternum (lower 5
pairs)

 Vertebrochondral
ribs are joined to 7th rib (3 pairs)
 Vertebral ribs or floating ribs are not connect at all (2 pairs)
THE THORACIC CAGE
Sternum
True Ribs (7)
False Ribs (5)
Floating Ribs (2)
SUMMARY
Histology of Bone Tissue
 Bone Function and Structure
 Bone Growth & Development
 Joints
 The Axial Skeleton
 The Pectoral Girdle
 The Upper Limbs
 The Pelvic Girdle
 The Lower Limbs
