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Development of the Atomic Theory • Dalton – All matter is made of atoms • Rutherford – His alpha particle experiment discovered the dense nucleus • JJ Thompson – “Plum pudding Model” – discovered the electron • Bohr – Said electron travel in distinct orbits or energy levels around the nucleus • Mendeleev – Organized elements by properties to make the periodic table Bohr model of the atom Electron Configuration Bohr’s proposal that electrons travel in defined orbits around the nucleus was abandoned as quantum mechanics was developed! According to quantum mechanics the definition of an orbital is an area of space where there is a high probability of finding an electron. Look in your data booklet at the electron configuration chart! • An energy level (n) is a specific amount of energy which an electron in an atom can possess • A quantum of energy is the difference in energy between two energy levels • A shell is all orbitals of electrons in one energy level (n value) • Each shell contains subshells which are a set of orbitals of the same type • Each orbital can hold two electron (each spinning in a different direction S- orbital (There is one s orbital per energy level) P- orbitals – There are three “p” orbitals per energy level starting in level 2 D- orbitals – There are five “d” orbitals per energy level starting in level 3 Ground State Electron Configurations P Ti Co Core Notation S Rb Kr Electron Configurations of Ions • Na+ • Sr +2 • N -3