Download CHAPTER 11: MODERN ATOMIC THEORY

CHAPTER 11: MODERN ATOMIC THEORY
1. CURRENT MODEL OF THE ATOM: WAVE MECHANICAL MODEL
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ELECTRON DOES NOT ORBIT THE NUCLEUS IN CIRCLES AS BOHR SUGGESTED
BLURRY CLOUD OF NEGATIVE CHARGE DEVELOPED BY SHRODINGER
ELECTRON MOTIONS ARE DESCRIBED BY ORBITALS WHICH GIVE A PROBABILITY
MAP OF THE ELECTRON POSITION
2. ENERGY LEVELS:
3. SHAPES OF SUBLEVELS: shapes come from the spectral lines
4. ELECTRON TOTALS AND SPINS:
s= 2
______
p= 6
______ _____ ______
d= 10
_______ _______ _______ ________
f= 14
______ _______ ______ ______ ______ _______ ______
_______
5. ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS: the arrangement of electrons in an atom (filling the
seats in a stadium)
3 RULES TO FOLLOW:
A. AUFBAU PRINCIPLE: electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first.
B. PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE: an orbital contains a maximum of two electrons
with opposite spins.
C. HUND’S RULE: when electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron
enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron with spins
parallel.
EXAMPLE: HYDROGEN
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
ORBITAL DIAGRAM
EXAMPLE: CARBON
ELECTRON CONFIGURATION
EXAMPLE: CHLORINE
EXAMPLE: SCANDIUM
ORBITAL DIAGRAM
6. ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE:
7. SHORT CUT METHOD: NOBLE GAS ABBREVIATION