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CHAPTER 11: MODERN ATOMIC THEORY 1. CURRENT MODEL OF THE ATOM: WAVE MECHANICAL MODEL - ELECTRON DOES NOT ORBIT THE NUCLEUS IN CIRCLES AS BOHR SUGGESTED BLURRY CLOUD OF NEGATIVE CHARGE DEVELOPED BY SHRODINGER ELECTRON MOTIONS ARE DESCRIBED BY ORBITALS WHICH GIVE A PROBABILITY MAP OF THE ELECTRON POSITION 2. ENERGY LEVELS: 3. SHAPES OF SUBLEVELS: shapes come from the spectral lines 4. ELECTRON TOTALS AND SPINS: s= 2 ______ p= 6 ______ _____ ______ d= 10 _______ _______ _______ ________ f= 14 ______ _______ ______ ______ ______ _______ ______ _______ 5. ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS: the arrangement of electrons in an atom (filling the seats in a stadium) 3 RULES TO FOLLOW: A. AUFBAU PRINCIPLE: electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first. B. PAULI EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE: an orbital contains a maximum of two electrons with opposite spins. C. HUND’S RULE: when electrons occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron with spins parallel. EXAMPLE: HYDROGEN ELECTRON CONFIGURATION ORBITAL DIAGRAM EXAMPLE: CARBON ELECTRON CONFIGURATION EXAMPLE: CHLORINE EXAMPLE: SCANDIUM ORBITAL DIAGRAM 6. ELECTRON CONFIGURATIONS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE: 7. SHORT CUT METHOD: NOBLE GAS ABBREVIATION