Download What is the main job of the respiratory system?

Be able to able to label parts of the respiratory system.
The Respiratory System
What is the main job of the
respiratory system?
• Functions:
• Works closely with circulatory system, exchanging gases
between air and blood:
• Takes up oxygen from air and supplies it to blood
(for cellular respiration).
• Removal and disposal of carbon dioxide from blood
(waste product from cellular respiration).
• Regulates blood pH.
• Regulates blood oxygen and carbon dioxide levels.
Components of the Upper
Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.2
Upper Respiratory Tract Functions




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Passageway for respiration
Receptors for smell
Filters incoming air to filter larger foreign
material
Moistens and warms incoming air
Resonating chambers for voice
Components of the Lower
Respiratory Tract
Figure 10.3
Explain how the respiratory system is protected from
particles?
• Small hairs in your nose, called cilia, help filter out large particles.
Cilia are also found along your air passages and move in a
sweeping motion to keep the air passages clean. But if harmful
substances, such as cigarette smoke, are inhaled, the cilia stop
functioning properly, causing health problems like bronchitis.
• Mucus produced by cells in the trachea and bronchial tubes keeps
air passages moist and aids in stopping dust, bacteria and viruses,
allergy-causing substances, and other substances from entering
the lungs.
• Impurities that do reach the deeper parts of the lungs can be
moved up via mucous and coughed out or swallowed.
Lower Respiratory Tract

Functions:
Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes food and air
appropriately, assists in sound production
 Trachea: transports air to and from lungs
 Bronchi: branch into lungs
 Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas exchange

Define: trachea, bronchi, bronchioles,
and alveoli

Functions:
 Larynx: maintains an open airway, routes
food and air appropriately, assists in sound
production
 Trachea: transports air to and from lungs
 Bronchi: branch into lungs
 Lungs: transport air to alveoli for gas
exchange
Why must the alveolar membranes be thin?
Gas Exchange Between the Blood and Alveoli
Figure 10.8A
What is the diaphragm and what does it do? Describe what
happens during inhalation and exhalation.
Respiratory Cycle
Figure 10.9
Breathing Ventilates the Lungs
Breathing: Alternation of inhalation and exhalation.
Supplies our lungs with oxygen rich air, and expels excess
carbon dioxide.
Inhalation: Diaphragm contracts, moving downward and
causing rib cage, chest cavity, and lungs to expand. Air
rushes in, due to decrease in internal lung pressure as
lungs expand.
Exhalation: Diaphragm relaxes, moving upwards and
causing rib cage, chest cavity, and lungs to contract. Air
rushes out, due to the increase in internal lung pressure
as lungs contract.
Breathing is controlled by centers in the nervous system
to keep up with body’s demands.
What does the brain detect to determine rate of breathing?
Regulation of Breathing
Figure 10.13
Regulation of Breathing:
Nervous System Involvement


Carotid and aortic bodies: sensitive to carbon
dioxide, pH, and oxygen levels
Conscious control: resides in higher brain
centers; ability to modify breath is limited