Download Chapter 5

Communication
Embracing Difference
Fourth Edition
Dunn and Goodnight
This multimedia product and its contents are
protected under copyright law. The following are
prohibited by law: any public performance or display,
including transmission of any image over a network;
preparation of any derivative work, including the
extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any
rental, lease, or lending of the program.
Chapter 5
Nonverbal
Communication
PowerPoint edited by Kristin Harkin Jurczak,
Purdue University Calumet
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
1
Nature of Nonverbal
Communication
•
•
•
•
It can be intentional or unintentional.
It can be ambiguous.
It is multi-channeled.
It is culturally bound.
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
2
Nonverbal Communication...
Types and Functions
• Kinesics
• The study of bodily movements
• Proxemics
• The study of space as it relates to human
interaction
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
3
Nonverbal
Communication...Kinesics
• Emblems
• Bodily motions that take the place of words
•
•
•
•
Raising your hand signaling a question in class
Holding out your palm to signal a stop
A wave hello
A ‘time-out” motion in basketball
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
4
Nonverbal
Communication...Kinesics
• Illustrators
• Nonverbal symbols that reinforce a verbal
message
• Slamming a door after a verbal argument
• A hug accompanied by “I missed you”
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
5
Nonverbal
Communication...Kinesics
• Affect Displays
• Nonverbal signs that show our emotional
state
• Facial expressions showing happiness,
surprise, fear, or anger
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
6
Nonverbal
Communication...Kinesics
• Regulators
• Nonverbal behavior used to control, or
regulate, communication between people
• Checking your watch and packing up your
backpack as the end of class approaches
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
7
Nonverbal
Communication...Kinesics
• Adaptors
• Nonverbal behaviors individuals use to
adjust to or to cope with uncomfortable
communication situations
• Tapping a foot or twirling hair to cope with
anxiety
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
8
Nonverbal Communication...
Touch
• Touch is a form of nonverbal
communication that conveys a wide
range of emotions.
•
•
•
•
A kiss
A hug
Holding a hand
Touching a shoulder
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
9
Nonverbal Communication...
Paralanguage
The vocal aspect of delivery that
accompanies speech and other nonverbal
utterances.
Pitch
Volume
Rate
Quality
→ the tone
→ the loudness
→ the speed
→ the richness of one’s voice
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
10
Nonverbal Communication...
Silence
• Silence is the absence of using your
voice.
• When we choose not to speak, we send
a strong message to others.
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
11
Nonverbal Communication...
Proxemics
• Personal Space
• The area that exists between ourselves
and others
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
12
Nonverbal Communication...
Personal Space
•
•
•
•
Intimate Distance – 0” to 18”
Personal Distance – 18” to 4’
Social Distance – 4’ to 12’
Public Distance – 12’ or more
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
13
Nonverbal Communication...
Personal Space
• Territory
• Space that we stake out as our own
• Special chair at home, our desk, even your
chosen seat in class
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
14
Nonverbal Communication...
Appearance
• Physical Appearance and Clothing
• Perceptions of our appearance affect our
opportunities to establish relationships
• Part of the message we send to others,
intentionally or unintentionally
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
15
Nonverbal Communication...
Chronemics
• How we use time
• Tardiness can be seen as an insult, lack of
caring, or lack of professionalism
• Value promptness because it
communicates caring, respect, and
professionalism
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
16
Nonverbal Communication...
Ways to Improve It
• Explore all meanings
• Nonverbal messages can have a variety of
meanings
• Remain open-minded and consider the
various meanings of a message
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
17
Nonverbal Communication...
Ways to Improve It
• Look for nonverbal messages that are
consistent with verbal statements
• Since nonverbal messages are more
spontaneous than verbal, they more
accurately reflect our feelings
• When the verbal and nonverbal are
inconsistent, ask for clarification
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
18
Nonverbal Communication...
Ways to Improve It
• Use questions and descriptive feedback
• Perception checking is a verbal statement
that reflects our understanding of a
nonverbal message
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
19
Nonverbal Communication...
Ways to Improve It
• Monitor your own use of nonverbal
communication
• Self-reflection is always the first step to
understanding and practicing effective
communication
• Think about messages you may be
sending intentionally and unintentionally
Copyright © 2014, 2011, 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
20