Download Name - Madison Public Schools

Name________________________________________________
Page #________
Date_________
Period_________
Review: Final Exam Unit 2 (Ecology)
Directions: Use all of your science resources (your textbook, notes, worksheets, lab
reports, old tests and quizzes, etc.) to complete this review packet in preparation of
the final exam.
1. What is the Biosphere? Name and describe its 3 parts?
The Biosphere is where life exists. The three parts are the hydrosphere (water),
lithosphere (land), and atmosphere up to the highest point of the lithosphere (air).
2. Use the t-chart below to compare the difference between biotic and abiotic factors.
Biotic
-living things
examples:
-tree
-acorn
-squirrel
Abiotic
-non-living things
-things that never lived
-things that are no longer living
examples:
-air
-rock
-sun
3. Name and describe the 4 organic chemicals of life in the chart below.
Chemical of Life
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic acids
Description
chains of sugars linked together to make either simple sugars or
complex carbohydrates (starches); 1st chemical to be metabolized
AKA fats; can either be solid (animal based) or liquid (plant
based) at room temperature; 2nd chemical to be metabolized for
energy
the “building blocks of life;” made of amino acid chains; 3rd
chemical to be metabolized by an organism for energy
make up DNA and RNA, the directions for cells; an organism will
die before metabolizing this chemical
4. What are the 6 characteristics of all biotic factors?
The 6 characteristics are: grow and develop; reproduce; have similar chemicals;
respond to their environment; are made of cells (cellular organization); and use
energy
5. Name and define the 4 parts of the Levels of Organization in an Ecosystem. Also
draw the pyramid with the least complex at the top to most complex at the bottom.
The 4 parts of an ecosystem are:
organism - a single living thing of a given species
population – all of the organisms of the same species interacting within a given area
community – all the different populations in a given area interacting with each other
ecosystem – all of the biotic and abiotic factors interacting within a given area
Organism
Population
Community
Ecosystem
6. Know the following definitions found on Glossary: Unit II Terms:
Habitat, niche, adaptation
7. Know the following definitions found on Glossary: Unit II Terms and complete the
associated chart with the appropriate inequalities:
birth rate, death rate, immigration, emigration
A population will increase when…
A population will decrease when…
birth rate > death rate
death rate > birth rate
immigration > emigration
emigration > immigration
8. Name and describe the 4 methods that scientists use to determine population size.
Method
Description
Direct observation
a headcount of every member of the population; best for nonmoving or slow-moving organisms (i.e plants, snails, etc.)
Indirect observation using evidence (nests, tracks, droppings, etc.) to estimate the
population size (i.e. 10 nests x 2 birds/nest = 20 birds)
Sampling
taking a sample population in a smaller part of a larger marked
off area and multiplying that population by the total large area
Mark and recapture set traps, mark the caught animals and release them; set new
traps, checking marked vs. unmarked, use a formula
9. Using the space below, draw, label, and describe the carrying capacity graph.
A population grows until it reaches carrying capacity, exceeds carrying capacity, falls
below carrying capacity, and then fluctuates around carrying capacity. Carrying
capacity is controlled by the limiting factors of an area.
10. Know the following definitions found on Glossary: Unit II Terms:
Competition, predator, prey, symbiotic relationship (symbiosis)
11. In the chart below, list the 3 different types of symbiotic relationships. Indicate
whether an organism benefits (+), neither benefits nor is harmed (0), or is being
harmed (-) by such a relationship.
Symbiotic Relationship
Organism 1
Organism 2
Mutualism – both
organisms benefit
+
+
Commensalism – one
benefits; the other is
neither helped nor harmed
Parasitism – one benefits;
the other is harmed
+
0
+
--
12. Know the following definitions found on Glossary: Unit II Terms:
Producer, consumer, autotroph, heterotroph, herbivore, omnivore, carnivore,
decomposer, food chain, food web
13. Why is a complex food web better than a simple food chain for the survival of a
community?
A complex food web is better because if a particular species is eliminated from a food
web, the entire ecosystem has a lower chance of collapsing due to that loss.
14. Using the organisms below, construct a food web. Please include their energy
roles (producer, 1st, 2nd, 3rd level consumer, decomposer).
Gray squirrel
Oak tree
(acorn)
Red-tailed
hawk
Eastern
chipmunk
Bacteria
15. Know the following definitions found on Glossary: Unit II Terms:
energy pyramid, trophic level
16. Following one of the chains from #14, please fill in the energy pyramid below.
Please include the energy roles and trophic levels.
If the producer at the bottom starts with 1000 kcal, how many kcal will make it to the
1 kcal
decomposer at the top?
th
Bacteria –decomp. (4 trophic level)
**only 10% will
be kept from one
level to the next
Red-tailed hawk –2nd lvl. cons. (3rd trophic level)
Gray squirrel –1st lvl. cons. (2nd trophic level)
10 kcal
100 kcal
Red oak - Producer (1st trophic level)
1000 kcal
17. What provides the energy for all food webs, food chains, and energy pyramids?
The sun provides the energy for the producers of food webs, chains, and pyramids.
18. What is biogeography?
Biogeography is the study of where organisms live and how they got there.
19. What are the three means of dispersal?
The three means of dispersal are wind, water, and other living things.
20. What are the three limits to dispersal?
The three limits to dispersal are competition for resources with native inhabitants,
physical barriers (oceans, mountains, deserts, etc.), and climate.
21. What is the difference between weather and climate?
Weather is the day-to-day temperature, precipitation, etc.
Climate is the trends that exist in the weather over an extended period of time.
22. What is a biome? What factors determine where biomes exist?
A biome is a group of ecosystems with similar climate features and organisms. The
climate of a given area determines what biome exists there.
23. Know all of the following information about all biomes (find your chart).
a. climate features including temperature, annual precipitation, and precip. type
b. distinguishing characteristics
c. animals examples and their adaptations
d. plant examples and their adaptations
e. environmental issues
24. Fill in the chart below on point vs. non-point pollution.
Type of
Definition
Examples
pollution
Point Pollution
comes from a “single identifiable
localized source”
-air pollution from a gas stack
-water and soil pollution from an oil
refinery’s wastewater
Non-point
Pollution
a type of water pollution that does
not come from a direct source
mostly from poor agricultural
practices
-fertilizer run-off
-pesticide/herbicide run-off
- Great Moo Poo Debate
25. Be able to identify the diagram of each Cycle of Matter below. Also be able to
describe what is going on in each cycle.
Water Cycle, Carbon/Oxygen Cycle, Nitrogen Cycle
26. Write the formulas for photosynthesis and respiration below.
Photosynthesis
light
6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2
Respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
27. What gas makes up about 78% of the atmosphere? Nitrogen
28. Know the following definitions found on Glossary: Unit II Terms:
Succession, primary succession, secondary succession, pioneer species