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Study Guide – Unit 2: Building Blocks of Life
I. Atoms, Elements, Compounds & Chemical Bonds
II. Chemical Reactions
III. Acids & Bases
IV. Water
V. Chemistry of Life
VI. Energy for Life
Vocabulary:
cation, covalent bond, hydrogen bond, ionic bond, nonpolar
covalent bond, valence electron, product, reactant, buffer (stop
here for quiz) adenine, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), amino
acid, catalyst, cytosine, guanine, lipid, nucleic acid, polypeptide,
thymine, electron transport chain, glycolysis
8. Name four groups of organic compounds found in living
things.
9. Describe at least one function of each group of organic
compounds.
1. What information is contained in a chemical formula?
10. What is activation energy?
2. Describe the structure of an atom.
11. What happens to chemical bonds during chemical reactions?
3. How are cohesion and adhesion similar? Different?
4. Use the structure of a water molecule to explain why it is
polar.
5. Compare acidic and basic solutions in terms of the H+ ion and
OH- ion concentrations.
6. The strong acid hydrogen fluoride (HF) can be dissolved in
pure water. Will the pH of the solution be greater or less than
7.0?
7. What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
12. Describe the role of energy in chemical reactions.
13. What are enzymes and how are they important to living
things?
14. The positively charged particle in an atom is the
____________.
15. Two or more different atoms are combined in definite
proportions in any _________________.
16. A covalent bond is formed by the ______________ of
electrons.
17. A compound that produces hydrogen ions in solution is a(n)
_____________.
18. Proteins are polymers formed from ________________.
19. An enzyme speeds up a reaction by
a. lowering the activation energy
b. raising the activation energy
c. releasing energy
d. absorbing energy
20. Explain the relationship between monomers and polymers,
using polysaccharides as an example.
21. Identify three major roles of proteins.
30. What is the difference between a monosaccharide and a
polysaccharide?
31. Lipids are hydrophobic. Explain.
32. Which contains more energy per unit mass? Carbohydrates
or lipids?
33. What kind of lipids make up the double-layered membranes
of all cells?
34. How many naturally occurring amino acids are there?
35. What are the products of DNA?
22. Name the two basic kinds of nucleic acids. What sugar does
each contain?
23. Describe the two types of energy changes that can occur in
a chemical reaction.
36. What are the four nitrogenous bases that make up DNA?
37. What are the four nitrogenous bases that make up RNA?
38. Nitrogenous bases pair up. What are the two sets of base
pairs of DNA with their correct partner? How is RNA different?
24. Suppose you wanted to increase the pH of a solution. What
could you add to the solution to increase the pH? Explain.
39. Why are enzymes called catalysts?
25. What kind of bonds hold a water molecule together? What
bonds form between different water molecules?
40. What is ATP?
41. What is the difference between oxidation and reduction?
26. Why is water considered the universal solvent?
27. What is unusual about water in the solid form?
28. An organic molecule primarily contains _________ atoms
bonded to atoms of other elements.
29. What are three important uses of carbohydrates?
Suggestions:
• Begin studying well in advance! Study in small amounts each
night. Do this study guide early!
• Try to explain concepts to someone else. Write out
everything you know on paper.
• Complete the review questions in the Techbook.
• Read the unit again!
• Review labs & ask for help if needed!
• Watch the relevant videos for the unit on my website under
“Flipped Classroom”
• Study vocab cards early. Be able to apply the information!