Download Endocrinology and human nutrition

Endocrinology and human nutrition
PROF. SILVIA DELLA CASA; PROF. GIACINTO ABELE DONATO MIGGIANO
MODULE I
Endocrinology (Prof. Silvia Della Casa)
COURSE AIMS
Learn the physiology and physiopathology of the various components of the
endocrine system, with particular focus on the endocrine changes induced by
physical and sporting activity. Clinical keynotes on the main endocrine diseases,
with specific attention paid to the precautionary measures they require patients to
take when conducting physical/sporting activities, or for which physical activity
represents a fundamental preventive and / or therapeutic aid. The role of an
improved lifestyle and regular physical activity as principal preventive and
prophylactic factors against the more common, and ever more frequent, endocrinemetabolic diseases. The role of hormonal substances in the modification of
physical/sporting performance and the risks correlated with their use and abuse
(hormonal doping).
COURSE CONTENT
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General principles of endocrinology.
Hormonal secretion.
Hormones and receptors.
Hormonal modes of action.
The functioning of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis.
Regulation of hormone activity.
Hypothalamic and pituitary hormones.
Physiopathology of the hypothalamus-pituitary.
Tumours of the hypothalamus-pituitary (pituitary adenomas, empty sella
syndrome).
Developmental alterations (dwarfism, acromegaly).
Physiology and pathology of puberty.
Hypopituitarism.
Regulation of thirst and diuresis.
Alterations in the posterior pituitary (diabetes insipidus).
Physiology and physiopathology of the thyroid.
Thyrotoxicosis.
Hypothyroidism (congenital and acquired).
Goitre and thyroid nodules.
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Tumours of the thyroid.
Thyroiditis.
Physiology and physiopathology of the adrenal glands.
Hyperadrenalism (Cushing’s S., Conn’s S., pheochromocytoma).
Hypoadrenalism (Addison’s S.).
Cortisone therapy and sporting activity.
Congenital adrenogenital syndromes.
Physiology and physiopathology of calcium-phosphorus metabolism.
Hypoparathyroidism.
Hyperparathyroidism.
Bone metabolism and factors influencing peak bone mass.
Osteoporosis and the prophylactic effects of physical activity.
Hypogonadism.
Amenorrhea and amenorrhea in athletes.
Hirsutism and virilism.
Physiology and physiopathology of the pancreas.
Pancreatic hormones (insulin and glycogen).
Diabetes mellitus: classification and diagnosis.
Insulin-dependent diabetes.
Diabetes type II and insulin resistance.
The treatment of diabetes mellitus and physical activity.
The complications of diabetes.
Hypoglycaemia.
Obesity.
Physical activity treatment of obesity.
Forms of thinness; anorexia nervosa.
Hormones and sports activity.
Hormonal doping.
READING LIST
The texts to be used will be communicated at the first lecture.
TEACHING METHOD
Lectures.
ASSESSMENT METHOD
Computerised and timed multiple choice written exam.
NOTES
Further information can be found on the lecturer's webpage at
http://docenti.unicatt.it/web/searchByName.do?language=ENG or on the Faculty notice
board.
MODULE II Human nutrition (Prof. Giacinto Abele Donato Miggiano)
COURSE AIMS
The course will teach the basics and applications of the Nutritional Sciences with
regard to the use of nutrients and other bioactive substances by the human
organism in relation to metabolic processes, growth, development and the
organism’s functions, and to the individual’s state of health and well-being. The
course – with the aim of improving quality of life and promoting good health - will
also cover the more common nutritional problems and the specific nutritional neds
linked to physical activity. In conclusion, the course will cover the
dietary/nutritional intervention strategies indicated for normal subjects and/or
specific conditions during sporting events (before, during and after the sporting
event).
COURSE CONTENT
Human Nutrition (Basic and Applied)
1.1.1 Nutrients: the basis of life.
1.1.2 The significance of Eating, Nutrition and Dietetics.
1.2.1 The Concept of Balance.
1.2.2 The entry routes, depositary organs and excretory routes of nutrients.
1.3.1 Food Sources. The food groups and the composition of foods.
1.4.1 Nutritional elements and Energy Balance. Carbohydrates, lipids and
proteins.
1.4.2 Metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids (keynotes). Metabolic
adaptation to fasting.
1.4.3 Ethanol: from metabolite to toxin.
1.5.1 Water-salt metabolism (sodium, potassium, chloride).
1.5.2 Macro-minerals (calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, sulphur). Function and
metabolism.
1.5.3 Micro-minerals (iron, copper, zinc, iodine). Oligominerals (selenium).
Function and metabolism.
1.6.1 Water-soluble Vitamins (B Complex: B1, B2, B3, B5, B8, B9 or Folic Acid,
B12, Vitamin C).
1.6.2 Fat-soluble Vitamins (Vitamins A, D, E, K). Structure, function and
metabolism.
1.6.3 Vitamin F (Essential Fatty Acids: Linoleic acid, Linolenic acid,
Arachidonic acid). Eicosanoids.
Health Nutrition
2.1.1 Nutritional products and Health.
2.1.2 Nutritional medicines: molecules necessary for living.
2.1.3 Food drugs or Functional foods: useful for promoting good health.
2.2.1 Safe eating and Eating safety.
2.3.1 Epidemiology of nutritional diseases in Italy and the World.
2.4.1 Calorie and protein-calorie malnutrition. Obesity. The world of the weightloss diets.
Sports Nutrition
1.1.1 Nutrients: at the basis of all physical activity.
1.2.1 Energy for Physical Activity. Measures of Energy Metabolism. Energy cost
of Exercise.
1.3.1 The Body’s Composition (definition and methods of determination).
1.3.2 The Body’s Composition and Health: Correct Eating and Regular Physical
Activity.
1.4.1 Nutritional Strategies for Sporting Events (before – during – after any
physical performance/training).
1.4.2 Eating Strategies for regaining a correct body composition.
1.4.3 Nutritional Dietary Strategies for specific conditions (hormonal alterations,
menopause, vegetarianism).
READING LIST
E.E. ZIEGLER-L.J. FILTER, Conoscenze attuali in Nutrizione, Piccin Nuova Libraria, Padua, 2002.
E. CARNOVALE-L. MARLETTA, Tabelle di composizione degli Alimenti, National Institute of Research
for Food and Nutrition (INRAN), Rome.
Livelli di Assunzione Raccomandata di Energia e Nutrienti per la Popolazione Italiana
(LARN) – Revised 1996, Italian Society for Nutrition.
G. MIGGIANO, Nutrizione umana - Quiz di autovalutazione, Universo Publishing Society, Rome,
2002.
G. MIGGIANO, La Nutrizione nello Sport - Aspetti nutrizionali dell’attività motorie, Universo
Publishing Society, Rome, 2009 (at printers).
G. ARIENTI, Le basi Molecolari della Nutrizione, Piccin Nuova Libraria, Padua, 1996.
TEACHING METHOD
Lectures (with lecturer in person and/or via teleconference).
ASSESSMENT METHOD
To ascertain the candidate’s preparedness for passing, they will be subjected to a
multiple-choice exam covering material taken from the course content. The examination
may involve, if necessary, one or more written tests or an oral exam in addition to or instead
of the multiple choice exam. To pass, the student must satisfy all official requirements.
NOTES
Further information can be found on the lecturer's webpage at
http://docenti.unicatt.it/web/searchByName.do?language=ENG or on the Faculty notice
board.