Download File

DENTAL ANATOMY
BY DR. MANISHA MISHRA
Oral Cavity
 Entrance of the gastrointestinal tract
 Dental arch: alveolar arch of the maxilla and mandible
 4 types of teeth
 Incissor
 Canine
 Premolars
 Molars
Boundaries





Anterior: Lips
Posterior: anterior tonsillar pillars (palatoglossal folds)
Lateral: cheeks
Roof: palate
Floor: anterior 2/3 of tongue
Parts

Oral vestibule
 Space between the lips and teeth/gingiva

Oral cavity proper -
Functions
Speech
 Respiration
 Digestion
 Chewing
 Aesthetic

Landmarks
Frenulum
 Mucobuccal fold (posterior)
 Mucolabial fold( ant )
 Canine eminence
 Parotid papilla ( stenson’s duct )
 External oblique ridge
 Retromolar trigone

Landmarks on roof
Incisive papilla: covers the incisive foramen between 2
incissors
 Palatine rugae
 Uvula

Landmarks on the floor
Tongue
 Lingual sulcus
 Frenulum

Anatomy of tooth
Anterior teeth: Incissors and canine
 Posterior teeth: Molars and premolars
Each tooth consists of:
 Crown – The part which protrudes from the gum
 Root – Part embedded in the bone
 Neck – Slightly narrowed region where the crown merges with root

Components of tooth
Pulp containing neurovascular bundle
 Dentine
 Enamel
 Cementum




enamel
Hardest tissue
Surrounds dentine
highly mineralised
Main mineral- hydroxyapatite
dentine




Dentine is the most abundant dental tissue
Determines the size and shape of teeth.
Dentine is a bone-like substance that is formed by
odontoblast cell which makes up most of the structure of
the tooth.
Dentine is found just under the enamel in the crown and
under the cementum in the root..
pulp



Connective tissue, mainly consits of odontoblast and
fibroblast
Contains neurovascular components
There is anastomosis between arterioles & venules
cementum



Cementum is a specialized bony substance covering the root of a tooth
Cementum is excreted by cells called cementoblast within the root of
the tooth
Its color is yellowish and it is softer than either dentine or enamel.
Alveolar Bone

Mineralized tissue that surrounds the teeth in jaws
Periodontal ligament
The periodontal ligament is a specialized connective tissue that
attaches a tooth to the jaw bone
Function
 Helps tooth withstand large compressive forces which occur during
chewing, without destruction of the adjacent alveolar bone
 to serve as a source of sensation.
(outer covering of the tooth (enamel) has no sensory receptors itself.)

gum




Mucous-membrane-covered connective tissue attached to and
surrounds the neck and the alveolar bone.
Edges of the gums around the teeth are free and extend into the
spaces between the teeth.
healthy gum is pink and tough.
have limited sensitivity to - pain, Temperature, pressure
Blood supply
Periodontal plexus
 Inferior/superior alveolar vessel
 Periosteal vessel
 Vessel from adjacent musculature

Nerve supply


Upper teeth – maxillary nerve (Ant. Sup. Alveolar, middle
sup. Alveolar & post. Sup. Alveolar nerves)
Lower teeth – mandibular nerve (inferior alveolar nerve)
Mandible
Only moving bone present in skull, Has sockets for lower teeth
 Parts – Body & 2 Rami
Body –
 2 surfaces – External & Internal
 & 2 borders – Upper (Alveolar), Lower(Base)
Ramus
 2 Processes – Coronoid & Condyloid



Mandibular Foramen - opening on the medial surface of the ramus
Oblique Line - located on the superior lateral surface of the body
Mental Foramen - foramen for the transmission of the mental nerve
(cutaneous to the lower third of the face) and artery



The mandible is the body support for the mandibular teeth
And is also the insertion for the four primary muscles of mastication
and the accessory muscles of mastication.
It is the movable portion of the TMJ articulation with the temporal
bone
The Muscles of Mastication - The chief muscles of mastication are:
 Masseter.
 Medial Pterygoideus
 Lateral Pterygoideus
 Temporalis.
Nerve
 Mandibular division of Trigeminal Nerve
1.
Mandibular Condyle
2.
Mandibular Notch
3.
Coronoid Process
4.
Ramus
5.
Angle
6.
Oblique Line
7.
Body
8.
Alveolar Process
9.
Mental Foramen
10.
Mylohyoid Line
11.
Mandibular Foramen
maxilla
The maxilla is a fusion of two bones along the palatal
fissure that form the upper jaw
 has sockets for upper teeth

Parts
 Body
 Four processes
 The zygomatic process
 The frontal process
 The alveolar process
 The palatine process
NOMENCLATURE
DECIDUOUS DENTITION:
1. Central incisior=A
2. Lateral incisior=B
3. Canine=C
4. 1St Decidious molar=D
5. 2nd Decidious molar=E

Deciduous dentition
PERMANENT DENTITION:
1. Central incisior=1
2. Lateral incisior=2
3. Canine=3
4. 1st premolar=4
5. 2nd premolar=5
6. 1st permanent molar=6
7. 2nd permanent molar=7
8. 3rd permanent molar=8

Permanent dentition