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Commonly Used Drugs Marijuana (Cannabis) Mushrooms Cocaine/Crack Ecstasy Heroin What is Marijuana? • Absorbed by most tissues and organs in the body • Dried leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds from the hemp plant, Cannabis • contains the mind-altering chemical delta-9tetrahydrocannabinol—tetro-hydrocannabinal (THC) and other related compounds. • As much as ten times more potent than in the early 70’s • Takes 1 month to leave the body • 3 months for it to leave the body of a chronic smoker • not addictive but smokers may become psychologically dependent • Near impossible to overdose • Average high lasts 2-3 hours. Peak in first 30 minutes. • One joint can cause as much danger to the lungs as smoking 5 cigarettes consecutively How do people use Marijuana? • People smoke marijuana in hand-rolled cigarettes (joints) • In pipes or water pipes (bongs). • smoke it in blunts—emptied cigars that have been partly or completely refilled with marijuana. • Users can mix marijuana in food (edibles), such as brownies, cookies, or candy, or brew it as a tea. Marijuana effects the brain THC (tetrahydrocannabinal) passes quickly from the lungs into the bloodstream. ( yellow) Short-term -Marijuana over activates parts of the brain that contain the highest number of these receptors. “The High” • altered senses (for example, seeing brighter colors) • drowsiness, lack of motivation • changes in mood • impaired body movement • difficulty with thinking and problem-solving and retaining information • impaired memory Long-term effects • Affects Brain development • Using as teenagers, the drug may reduce thinking, memory, and learning functions. • Effects on these abilities may last a long time or even be permanent. • Studies showed that people who started smoking marijuana heavily in their teens and had an ongoing cannabis use disorder lost an average of eight IQ points between ages 13 and 38. The lost mental abilities did not fully return in those who quit marijuana as adults. • Moderate to heavy marijuana use, especially 12-17 year olds can result in decreased or zero sperm production Mushrooms (Shrooms) • Known as a “trip” because it is a long and powerful experience takes you beyond normal perception • Usually lasts around 4-6 hours; effects felt 20min -1hr after ingestion • Cause hallucinogens; hear or see things that aren’t real. • Caused by ingredient psilocybin • Can be eaten raw or used to make tea • Stays in system for up to 7 and can be detected in blood or urine • Can experience good or bad trips Good Trips • Low doses can induced a tingling body feeling and sense of euphoria and lightness • May feel happy and giggly • Colors seem more vibrant, music sounds richer • Erases normal filters and screens between conscious mind and the outside world • Become more aware of things normally filtered out • Sense, think, and feel more Bad Trips • Spend several hours in a world that is similar to your worst nightmare • Nothing you can do about it • Terrifying • Spend several hours with the disturbing images • Can feel anxious and afraid • http://www.bluelight.org/vb/threads/148235Mushrooms-First-Time-Bad-trip-and-out-ofcontrol Other Facts • Effects felt about 20 minutes to an hour after ingestion • First signs are a sense of euphoria and expectation • Effects take between 30-45 minutes to “come up” and reach their peak • Peak effect lasts 1-2 hours • Can experience highs and lows during a trip What is Cocaine? • a fine, white, crystal powder • powerfully addictive stimulant drug made from the leaves of the coca plant • Street dealers often mix it with things like cornstarch, talcum powder, or flour to increase profits. They may also mix it with other drugs such as the stimulant amphetamine. How do people use it? • Snort through the nose • Rub it into gums • Inject by dissolving in water (heroin and cocaine mixed is called speedball) • Smoking (freebase/crack cocaine) process in which powder is converted into rock crystal then heated to produce vapors • Taken in binges/repeatedly in a short time • Increase doses to maintain high Short-term effects • • • • • extreme happiness and energy mental alertness hypersensitivity to sight, sound, and touch irritability paranoia—extreme and unreasonable distrust of others • Aggression • Some people find that cocaine helps them perform simple physical and mental tasks more quickly, although others experience the opposite effect. • Large amounts of cocaine can lead to bizarre, unpredictable, and violent behavior. Health effects • • • • • • • constricted blood vessels dilated pupils nausea raised body temperature and blood pressure faster heartbeat tremors and muscle twitches restlessness Long-term effects • loss of sense of smell, nosebleeds, frequent runny nose, and problems with swallowing. • Tooth decay • Permanent damage to blood vessels of heart and brain • High blood pressure • Liver, kidney, and lung damage • Respiratory failure if smoked • Malnutrition • Sexual Problems • If injected higher risk of HIV/Hep C Aftereffects “Crash” • • • • • • • Depression Slowed thinking fatigue increased appetite Insomnia; lose touch with reality. Agitation Intense craving for more Ecstasy (club drug) • Also known as MDMA • Popular nickname “Molly” slang for Molecular the crystalline form sold in capsules. • Lasts up to 3-6 hours • Taken as a pill but can also be crushed and snorted and/or put into a drink. • Man made (does not come from a plant) • Makers can add whatever they want to it, so the purity and the safety of the drug is always in question • Can become easily overheated, pass out and die of heat stroke. How does it effect the brain? • 3 Brain Chemicals - Dopamine- causes euphoria and increased energy/ activity. - Norepinephrine- increases heart rate and blood pressure. - Serotonin –affects mood, appetite, sleep, and other functions. also triggers hormones that affect sexual arousal and trust. Short-term effect • • • • • • nausea muscle cramping involuntary teeth clenching blurred vision chills sweating Aftereffects • • • • • • • • irritability impulsiveness and aggression depression sleep problems anxiety memory and attention problems decreased appetite decreased interest in and pleasure from sex What is Heroin? • An opioid drug that is synthesized from morphine, a naturally occurring substance extracted from the opium poppy plant. • appears as a white or brown powder How is it used? • Injected, snorted, smoked • Delivers the drug to the brain very rapidly • Contributes to high risk of addiction- a chronic relapsing disease caused by changes in the brain. • Characterized by uncontrollable drug-seeking no matter the consequences. How does it affect the brain? • Enters the brain into the opioid receptors located in the main areas of the brain and brain stem. • Controls automatic processes critical to life, such as blood pressure, arousal, and respiration. • Overdoses involve suppression of breathing which can affect the amount of oxygen to the brain called Hyoxia. • Hypoxia can be short and long term. Some effects are coma and brain damage. Short-term effects • • • • • • Euphoria “rush” Fry mouth Warm flushing of the skin Heaviness of extremities Clouded mental functioning “On the Nod” wakeful and drowsy state Long -Term effects • Tolerance • Dependence- continue to avoid withdrawals such as restlessness, muscle and bone pain, insomnia, diarrhea and vomiting, cold flashes with goose bumps. • Deterioration of the brain; affect decision-making abilities, the ability to regulate behavior, and responses to stressful situations. • Overall appearance; scabby skin, etc. • Poor nutrition/living life style Health Effects • • • • • • • • Fatal overdose HIV/Hepatitis C Collapsed veins Infection of the heart Abscesses Constipation Gastrointestinal cramping Liver or kidney disease. An epidemic… • http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/worldnews/parents-found-dead-heroin-overdoses8981859 • http://www.wsbtv.com/news/2investigates/from-cheerleader-to-addict-theheroin-lifestyle-that-killed-a-mother-offour/450662210