Download DESIGNED WITH THE NEW GENERATION CURRENT

DESIGNED WITH THE NEW GENERATION CURRENT CONVEYOR
CIRCUIT IMPLEMENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF ECG
Şükrü KİTİŞ1
Hasbi APAYDIN2
Dumlupınar University Simav Vocational High School1, 2
Turkey
Emails: [email protected], [email protected]
ABSTRACT
Today, circuits with opamp are commonly used in biomedical devices and especially ECG devices. In this study, instead of using
opamp circuits, used the last 10-15 years and there have been very popular with current carriers use in biomedical devices can be
more appropriate and advantageous shown. Therefore right leg drive that one of ECG devices and band-pass filter designed with
ORCAD PSPICE program. In addition, instead of these circuits can be used as an alternative to the CCII structure and band-pass
filter circuits are shown in the right leg drive.
Keywords:
ECG,
new generation current conveyor
circuit,
ICCII,
instrumentation amplifier,
band
pass filter
INTRODUCTION
ECG electrodes attached to the skin by means of the
electrical activity of the heart as a graphic (the heart's
rhythm, frequency, heart rate rhythm, dissemination and
destruction of reaction again) records the wave form. ECG is
picture of the heart's electrical map. Also give us
information about the shape of the heart and ECG (figure
1.1.). Device is called an electrocardiogram ECG records.
[1]
1)ECG Signal Formation Stages of Heart
ECG for each heartbeat, P, Q, R, S, T, U is a complex
formed by the waves. These changes in waves, this is
different from regular waves seen in the waves, the waves
changes in the durations between the doctors give tips about
heart disease.(table 1.1.)
P wave:
atrial depolarization
QRS complex:
ventricular depolarization
T-wave:
ventricular repolarization
PS range:
atrial depolarization& repolarization
QT interval:
ventricular depolarization & repolarization [1]
Figure 1.1. ECG signal formation stages of heart
Table 1.1. ECG signal formation stages values
Electrocardiography (ECG), atriums and ventricles of the
heart contraction and relaxation phases of the heart that
occur during transmission of electrical stimulation and
stimulus printing on paper, based on an examination of
spindle activity in metric method. [1]
2) ECG signal sequence of the formation of the heart
Two states can be considered as the structure of the heart as
a pump. The heart pumps blood to the movement of the
physical, but in terms of parallel series of case study was
organized exhibitions.
The systemic circulation, between arteries and veins are a
large pressure gradient. Therefore, the left heart can be
considered as a pressure pump. Pulmaner circulation at the
pressure difference between arteries and veins, right heart,
can be considered as a volume pump. Show a need for high
pressure systemic circulation, the heart, the left has a larger
and stronger muscle mass. If a long time interval averages,
given the average volume of blood pumped from both sides
are equal. Up to the most extreme points of the body to
reach the left ventricle blood pressure occurs. The heart's
main pumping time divided into two parts. This cycle is
known as the systolic and diastolic time. Systole, contraction
of the muscles of the heart muscle of the left ventricle and
aorta artery pumping blood pulmaner time. During this time,
particularly in the lungs and the left ventricle and aorta
blood pumping is carried out simultaneously. Diastolic
filling of the heart chambers with blood by expanding
time(figure 2.1.) [2].
Figure 2.1. ECG signal sequence of the formation of the
heart
3)The realization of ECG device circuits with ORCAD
PSPICE program
Instrumentation amplifiers when we look at the internal
structure of a difference amplifier circuit, the amplifier
circuit, and subsequently a joint see(figure 3.1.).That are
common to both ends of the riser instrumentation signals
(such as electrical noise), but not raise the differential
voltage increases at both ends. The most important features
of these lifts common mode rejection ratio (CMRRcommon-mode rejection ratio) signals, known as the
common features of thrust. Right leg drive common-mode
signals from the body perceived as the opposite phase are
applied to the body through the resistance. Thus, the body
which may reduce common-mode signals, differential mod
the cycle had no effect on the signs. [3]
Figure 3.1. The instrumentation amplifier circuit
Figure 3.2. The instrumentation amplifier circuit with
ORCAD
4) Biomedical devices proposed for CCII circuits
In this study, figure 3.2. , figure 3.5. designed with ORCAD
PSPICE program and figure 3.3. , figure 3.6. were obtained
simulation program with ORCAD. These circuits made with
opamp. Current conveyor circuits can be used at low
frequencies. These circuits have a dominant pole frequency
and higher frequency widths. So that figure 4.1. is used
instead of figure 3.2. , figure 4.2. and figure 4.3. are used
instead of figure 3.5.
Figure 3.3. Characteristic of the input-output
The most important reason may be sign of ECG noise, the
noise created biological signals from the body of the patient.
This noise is usually caused by muscle movement for the
removal of ECG signals with a cut frequency of between
0.05Hz 150Hz band-pass filters (figure 3.4.) [3].
Figure 4.1. Instrumentation amplifier (right leg drive) with
new generation current conveyor [4]
Figure 3.4. The Butterworth band-pass filter circuit
Figure 4.2. Active band-pass filter circuit with new
generation current conveyor [5]
Figure 3.5. The butterworth band-pass filter circuit with
ORCAD
Figure 4.3. Based voltage input and current output of bandpass active filter circuit with new generation current
conveyor [6]
Figure 3.6. Characteristic of the input-output
CONCLUSION
Electronic technology, voltage-mode circuits operating band
width is limited due to the overwhelming superiority of
these circuits has begun to show weakness. Voltage mode
circuits and leakage of high-value resistor elements
relatively low frequency values of capacities in the working
band, this limit creates a dominant pole. As a result of this
dominant pole is fixed in a circuit, such as gain bandwidth
product has been widely used as a result settled. This result
is a special case of the voltage-mode circuits specific to all
the circuits has been accepted as a general rule.
Current-mode circuits, voltage-mode circuits, these
disadvantages are fixed. Biomedical devices, rather than the
voltage-mode circuits using current-mode circuits,
components smaller, more visual, more useful and easier to
intervene in the event of failure will be an advantage to be.
REFERENCES
[1] http://www.baskent.edu.tr/~bmeweb/20393429.htm
[2]www.istanbul.edu.tr/itf/attachments/305_Normal%20EK
G.ppt
[3] LABVİEW TABANLI, BİLGİSAYAR DESTEKLİ
GERÇEK ZAMANLI EKG CİHAZININ TASARIMI
Doç. Dr. M. Rahmi Canal, Arş. Gör. Osman Özkaraca,
Çağdaş Hisar
[4]CURRENT
AMPLIFIERS
FEEDBACK
AND
CURRENT
OPERATIONAL
CONVEYORS;
AN
OVERVIEW AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
Oğuzhan Çiçekoğlu
[5] BiRiNCi KUŞAK AKIM TAŞIYICI İLE YENİ TÜM
GEÇİREN SÜZGEÇ DEVRELERİ
Bilgin Metin,Emre Arslan,Oğuzhan Çiçekoğlu
[6]AKIM TAŞIYICI TABANLI GERİLİM GİRİŞ AKIM
ÇIKIŞLI YENİ BİR BANT GEÇİREN AKTİF SÜZGEÇ
Musa Demirbaş, Ali Toker