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DATASHEET FOR CABI INVASIVE SPECIES COMPENDIUM
INVASIVE PLANT SPECIES – EXAMPLE
This form should be completed electronically, but please save the text sections followed by all references (for
text and tables) in a separate file. A checklist of the text sections and suggested subheadings is repeated at
the end of this form. See Instructions to Authors for further information. Please note that we hope to include
a number of case studies to illustrate location-specific information, on impact and management for example. If
you feel you have more details than seem appropriate for a particular section of this datasheet, we would be
pleased to hear from you - please see the note on Case Studies at the end of this document.
The template is divided into 6 sections:
1. IDENTITY SECTION, 2. DISTRIBUTION SECTION, 3. BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY SECTION, 4. IMPACTS
SECTION, 5. MANAGEMENT SECTION, 6. FURTHER INFORMATION SECTION.
The Compendium is intended for worldwide use. Please consider this when writing datasheets.
1. IDENTITY SECTION
SPECIES (or group) SCIENTIFIC NAME
Ziziphus mauritiana
AUTHOR (taxonomic authority, date)
Lam.
Taxonomic groups (irrelevant groups may be left blank).
CLASS:
SUPERFAMILY:
ORDER:
FAMILY: Rhamnaceae
SUBORDER:
SUBFAMILY:
NON-PREFERRED SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Zizyphus mauritiana
Ziziphus mauritania
Rhamnus jujuba
Ziziphus jujuba
Ziziphus jujube
Ziziphus tomentosa
Ziziphus rotundata
Ziziphus aucheri
Ziziphus insularis
Ziziphus sonoria
Ziziphus orthocantha
AUTHOR (taxonomic authority)
nom. illeg.
nom. illeg.
L.
(L.) Gaertn., nom. illeg.
(L.) Lam.
Poir.
D.C.
Boiss.
Smith
Roem. And Schult.
D.C.
OTHER NAMES
Specify internationally used common names in one of the six International Languages accepted by the UN: Arabic,
Chinese, English, French, Russian or Spanish. For other common names, specify country/region in which used with the
language in parentheses. Only include common names actually in use in the original language (do not translate here),
and transliterate names from non-Roman alphabets (e.g. Chinese, Cyrillic). Please add extra rows: the names are
useful for searching. Please mark the most globally recognized common name with and an asterisk (*).
INTERNATIONALLY USED COMMON NAME/S
INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE
jujube, desert apple, Indian plum, Indian cherry, Chinese date, jujube, Indian
jujube, Indian date, Chinese jujube, Chinese fig, cottony jujube, Malay jujube
English
jujubier, datte chinoise
French
azufaifo, yuyuba
Spanish
OTHER COMMON NAMES
COUNTRY (add language if
necessary)
(use defined areas listed under ‘Distribution’)
tzintzola
Plant template
Greece
1
Indischer Jujubenstrauch, Filzblättrige Jujube
Germany
guiggiolo
Italy
jujubeira, maciera
Portugal
zimbrão (crioulu)
Cape Verde
abateria, gaba-artigie, gewa-ortigi (Tigre)
Ethiopia
mkunazi (Kiswahili), ekalati (Turkana), olongo (Luo), tolumuro (Pokot)
Kenya
masawo (Chewa), msondoka (Yao)
Malawi
domo, ntomono, surgo ntomono, tomboro, tomonou (Bambara), mgaria
(Haussa)
Mali
dem, dim, sedem (Wolof)
djabie, djabi, tabi, n’giobi (Peulh)
Senegal
gob, bheb, jujube, nabk (Arabic)
Somalia
sir nabk (Arabic), nabbag elfil
Sudan
mkunazi (Kiswahili)
Tanzania
esilang (Karamajong)
Uganda
masau (Nyanja), musawce (Tonga)
akasongole (Bemba)
Zambia
masua, yanja, musawu (Shona, Tangu)
Zimbabwe
berra (Pashto)
Afghanistan
bozoi, kool, kul
Bangladesh
widara, dara, bidara
Indonesia
ber, beri (Hindi), boguri, boroi, khati, berii, etachi, jelachi, elangi, yelchi,
cherumali, ilamda, bhor, borkuli, boro-koli, beri, badari, dadara, elandai,
regureni, ganga reni, elantha, reegu, kool, ajapriya, karkandhu, kuvala,
madhuvaphala, elladu, karak-andhova, yellande
India
putrea
Cambodia
hong tsao, lang tsao, ta tsao, tsao tsao
China
sanebuto-natsume (Japanese)
Japan
kanar, kunar, nabik
Iran
aunnaberhindi, nabig, sidr
Iraq
than
Laos
yellande, ilanda, mahadebara, masaka (Sinhalese)
Sri Lanka
zee-pen, eng-si, zizidaw, ziben, zi
Myanmar
bidara, jujub, epal siam
Malaysia
baer (Nepalese)
Nepal
Plant template
2
manzanita
Philippines
jujube, ker, ber (Urdu), ber, berwarter, kunar (Baluchi)
Pakistan
phutsa, ma tan, ma thong, putsa, man tan
Thailand
tao, tao nhuc, c[aa]y t[as]o ta
Vietnam
dunk, mangustine
Barbados
perita haitiana
Dominican Republic
coolie plum, crabapple
Jamaica
aprin, yuyubi
Puerto Rico
dunks
Trinidad and Tobago
pomme malcadi, pomme surette, petit pomme, liane croc chien, gingeolier,
dindoulier (French)
Guadeloup/Martinique
Venezuela
ponsigne, yuyubo
Chinese apple, chinee apple
Australia
Baer, baher, bahir
Fiji
NOTES ON TAXONOMY AND NOMENCLATURE (text section)
Include nomenclatural history, noting any recent taxonomic revisions, related species and races, cultivars, hybrids and
varieties, etc. Include here English translations of common names and their origin if of interest.
SUMMARY OF INVASIVENESS (text section; guide max. 150 words)
Please provide a brief description of the species and summarize why it is considered to be invasive, where it occurs and
when it was first recorded as invasive, please also provide details of the characteristics that indicate its invasiveness, e.g.
ease of spread, establishment and impacts. State whether the species is on an alert list (e.g. IUCN, ISSG) or listed as a
regulated pest etc. Consider only major introductions of ecological or economic importance.
2. DISTRIBUTION SECTION
DISTRIBUTION (table)
Current Distribution: (P) present, no further details; (W) widespread; (L) localized; (O) present, few occurrences;
(C) present only in captivity/cultivation; (G) present, only under cover/indoors; Absent: (D) reported in the past, but no longer present;
(E) eradicated; (I) absent, intercepted only; (J) invalid record (recorded in error); (K) unreliable record.
Reference
Include citation
(author/s, date),
ensuring that full
bibliographic
details are in the
reference list
Current
distribution
Select one
from the
codes above.
Also include
year of last
report
(N)ative/
(E)xotic
Also year
of first
introducti
on if
known
Cultivated/
domesticated/
in captivity
(P)resent
(W)idespread
(L)ocalized
AFGHANISTAN
CABI, 2005
P
N
P
BANGLADESH
CABI, 2005
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
N
P
N
Morton, 1987
P
N
P
N
W
N
P
N
P
E
P
IRAN
CABI, 2005
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
IRAQ
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
Country/Region
Invasive?
Y(es)
N(o)
? (not known)
Note
e.g. locality, particularly
note island distribution if
known
ASIA
CAMBODIA
CHINA*
Yunnan
INDIA*
INDONESIA*
Plant template
3
Country/Region
Reference
Include citation
(author/s, date),
ensuring that full
bibliographic
details are in the
reference list
ISRAEL
Morton, 1987
Current
distribution
Select one
from the
codes above.
Also include
year of last
report
E
JORDAN
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
KAZAKHSTAN
CABI, 2005
P
N
P
KUWAIT
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
KYRGYZSTAN
P
N
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
N
P
OMAN
CABI, 2005
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
PAKISTAN
CABI, 2005
P
N
P
PHILIPPINES
ISSG, 2003
P
E
P
QATAR
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
SAUDI ARABIA
CABI, 2005
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
CABI, 2005
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
N
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
CABI, 2005
P
N
P
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
CABI, 2005
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
CABI, 2005
P
N
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
MALAYSIA*
MYANMAR (BURMA)
NEPAL
SRI LANKA
SYRIA
TAJIKISTAN
THAILAND
TURKEY
TURKMENISTAN
UNITED ARAB
EMIRATES
UZBEKISTAN
VIETNAM
YEMEN
(N)ative/
(E)xotic
Also year
of first
introducti
on if
known
Cultivated/
domesticated/
in captivity
(P)resent
(W)idespread
(L)ocalized
E
P
Invasive?
Y(es)
N(o)
? (not known)
Note
e.g. locality, particularly
note island distribution if
known
N
N
AFRICA
DJIBOUTI
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
USDA-ARS, 2007
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
CABI, 2005
EGYPT
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
ERITREA
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
ETHIOPIA
CABI, 2005
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
CABI, 2005
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
ALGERIA
ANGOLA
BOTSWANA
CAMEROON
CAPE VERDE
CHAD
CONGO
COTE D'IVOIRE
GHANA
GUINEA
KENYA
LESOTHO
LIBYA
MADAGASCAR
Plant template
N
N
4
Country/Region
Reference
Include citation
(author/s, date),
ensuring that full
bibliographic
details are in the
reference list
Current
distribution
Select one
from the
codes above.
Also include
year of last
report
(N)ative/
(E)xotic
Also year
of first
introducti
on if
known
Cultivated/
domesticated/
in captivity
(P)resent
(W)idespread
(L)ocalized
P
E
P
P
E
P
MAURITANIA
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
MAURITIUS
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
MOROCCO
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
WESTERN SAHARA
CABI, 2005
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
PIER, 2007
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
PIER, 2007
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
CABI, 2005
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
CABI, 2005
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
CABI, 2005
World Agroforestry
Centre, 2002
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
ZAMBIA
Nyoka, 2002
P
E
P
ZANZIBAR
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
ZIMBABWE
Nyoka, 2002
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
MALAWI
MALI
MOZAMBIQUE
NAMIBIA
NIGER
NIGERIA
REUNION
SENEGAL
SEYCHELLES
SIERRA LEONE
SOMALIA
SOUTH AFRICA
SUDAN
SWAZILAND
TANZANIA
TUNISIA
UGANDA
Invasive?
Y(es)
N(o)
? (not known)
Note
e.g. locality, particularly
note island distribution if
known
N
Y
Y
Y
NORTH AMERICA
USA*
California
Florida
Hawaii
USDA-NRCS,
2007
Morton, 1987;
USDA-NRCS,
2007
Morton, 1987;
PIER, 2006
P
E
P
CENTRAL AMERICA &
THE CARIBBEAN
BAHAMAS
Morton, 1987
P
E
P
BARBADOS
Morton, 1987;
P
E
P
BELIZE
DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
GRENADA
Morton, 1987;
P
E
P
Morton, 1987
P
E
P
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
GUADELOUPE
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
GUATEMALA
Morton, 1987
P
E
P
JAMAICA
Morton, 1987;
P
E
P
MARTINIQUE
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
PUERTO RICO
Morton, 1987;
Francis & Liogier,
1991
P
E
P
P
E
P
Plant template
5
Country/Region
Reference
Include citation
(author/s, date),
ensuring that full
bibliographic
details are in the
reference list
TRINIDAD & TOBAGO
USDA-NRCS,
2007
Morton, 1987
USDA-NRCS,
2007
US VIRGIN ISLANDS
Current
distribution
Select one
from the
codes above.
Also include
year of last
report
(N)ative/
(E)xotic
Also year
of first
introducti
on if
known
Cultivated/
domesticated/
in captivity
(P)resent
(W)idespread
(L)ocalized
P
E
P
P
E
P
P
E
P
Invasive?
Y(es)
N(o)
? (not known)
Note
e.g. locality, particularly
note island distribution if
known
SOUTH AMERICA
COLOMBIA
Morton, 1987
P
E
P
VENEZUELA
Morton, 1987
P
E
P
GREECE
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
N
ITALY
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
N
SPAIN
CABI, 2005
P
E
P
N
Holm et al., 1979
P
E
P
Y
PIER, 2006
Land Protection,
2007
Morton, 1987
P
E
P
Y
W
E (1863)
P
Y
W
N
P
Y
PIER, 2006
W
E
P
Y
Y
EUROPE
OCEANIA
AUSTRALIA
Northern Territory
Queensland
PIER, 2006
P
E
P
COOK ISLANDS
Western Australia
PIER, 2006
P
E
P
FIJI
PIER, 2006
P
E
P
Y
FRENCH POLYNESIA
PIER, 2006
P
E
P
N
GUAM
Morton, 1987
P
E (1950)
P
KIRIBATI
PIER, 2006
P
E
P
MARSHALL ISLANDS
PIER, 2006
P
E
P
NEW CALEDONIA
PIER, 2006
P
E
P
PAPUA NEW GUINEA
PIER, 2006
P
E
P
Not accepted as native
Y
DISTRIBUTION – FURTHER INFORMATION (text section)
Provide further/summary information on native and exotic distribution and any disagreements between sources. Include
the area of origin if known.
HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION (table)
Enter details of human-mediated introductions to new countries or provinces in the table below. Include deliberate and
accidental introductions but note which applies in the Comment field if not otherwise clear.
Introduced to
country; use
defined areas
listed under
‘Distribution’
Introduced
from
country; use
defined areas
listed under
‘Distribution’
Year or
range
Reason
please choose
from list under
Means of
Movement and
Dispersal: Causes
Queensland
?
1873
Unknown
Guam
?
1850
Horticulture
Established/
naturalized
(yes, no,
unknown)
Comment
Reference
Please write (name,
date) citation here
and include full
bibliographic details
in reference list
Land Protection,
2007
Morton, 1987
HISTORY OF INTRODUCTION/SPREAD (text section)
Please provide further historical notes on introduction, routes and spread with dates and references as far as possible
e.g. “plant X was planted as a living hedge in its native Australia in the 1800s and was introduced to South Africa in 1879
for this purpose. It escaped around 1900...., then spread to Namibia in the 1930s aided by cattle movements where it is
now considered an invasive species....(Smith et al., 2002).”
RISK OF INTRODUCTION (text section)
Please discuss the potential for further spread including the risks associated with identified pathways for accidental
introduction of the organism to new areas. Also discuss the likelihood of deliberate introductions associated with any
intended uses (e.g. biological control agent, ornamental, etc.; see Productive Uses and Management section) and
Plant template
6
possible pathways (e.g. mail order). Indicate whether and in which regions the organism is already listed as a quarantine
pest.
3. BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY SECTION
DESCRIPTION (text section)
Give a generalized description followed by morphological details of each stage of the life cycle. Include measurements
where known. Information on the type species is useful. Give sources of detailed descriptions.
PLANT TYPE
Indicate broad categories of plant type in the table below. ‘X’ as many boxes as applicable.
‘X’
Category
‘X’
Category
Annual
Herbaceous
Biennial
Woody
X
Perennial
X
Grass/ sedge
Seed propagated
X
Broadleaved
Vegetatively propagated
X
Floating/ submerged aquatic
Micro-algae
Category
‘X’
Tree
X
Shrub
X
Vine/ climber
X
Succulent
Parasitic
Macro-algae
SIMILARITIES TO OTHER SPECIES/CONDITIONS (text section)
Describe other species, subspecies, varieties or forms with which the organism could be confused in the field. Please
indicate how they may be distinguished.
NOTES ON HABITAT (text section)
Include any information on major regional or country variations in habitats affected, citing important references. Attempt to
avoid replicating information that is requested in other sections (e.g. in Biology and Ecology, Impact).
Please complete the Habitat Table, selecting the habitat types in which this species is currently found.
HABITAT TABLE
Please indicate presence – as: (X) present, no further details; (1) principal habitat/s; or (2) secondary/tolerated habitat/s,
and status – as: (N) natural; (P) productive/non-natural; and/or (H) harmful (pest or invasive). If uncertain about inclusion
of a chosen habitat in the classification below, add to the ‘Additional’ spaces.
Terrestrial
- Managed
Cultivated / agricultural land
Protected agriculture (e.g.
glasshouse production)
Plantation crops
Managed grasslands (grazing
systems)
Industrial / intensive livestock
production systems
Disturbed areas
Present
X/1/ 2
1
Status
N/P/ H
P
Present
X/1/ 2
Freshwater
1
P
Reservoirs
2
H
Rivers/streams
Ponds
2
H
Brackish
Estuaries
Lagoons
Urban areas
Inland saline areas
Marine
Buildings
Inshore marine
Natural forests
2
H
Coral reefs
Natural grasslands
2
H
Pelagic zone (offshore)
Riverbanks
2
H
Benthic zone
Wetlands
Sea caves
Other
Cold lands / tundra
Land caves
Host
Vector
Rocky areas / lava flows
Littoral
Irrigation channels
Lakes
Rail/roadsides
Terrestrial
- Natural /
Semi-natural
Status
N/P/ H
Stored products
Scrub / shrublands
2
P
Deserts
2
P
Arid regions
1
N
Coastal areas
2
H
Soil
Ice
Additional
Please specify
Coastal dunes
Mangroves
Mud flats
Plant template
7
Intertidal zone
Salt marshes
CROPS/OTHER PLANTS AFFECTED
For invasive plants that are commonly associated with, and impact on, the growth or production of other plants (e.g. crop
weeds), please include details below. Where possible, please enter individual species in the first column. In the three
‘affected’ columns, please enter ‘X’ to indicate whether each is a crop (main or other) or wild plant species. Where known,
please rank plants affected in order of their importance. Add extra rows if required. A separate table is provided for
Threatened Species for species whose existence is under threat (see Impacts).
CROPS or OTHER PLANTS AFFECTED
(Please write scientific name)
MAIN CROP
AFFECTED
(main crop on which
weed causes
damage)
OTHER CROPS
AFFECTED
SIGNIFICANT WILD
PLANTS AFFECTED
Not applicable
NOTES ON CROPS/OTHER PLANTS AFFECTED (text section)
Include additional information not covered by the listing(s) above. Note any more specific information on stages of
crop/plant growth most affected (e.g. to 40 days post-emergence). Cite important references here (rather than in above
list).
BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY (text section)
Recommended subheadings include:
Genetics: e.g. chromosome number, genetic variation and hybridisation.
Reproductive biology: describe the life cycle and reproductive strategy, fecundity, cues and periods of development with
relation to environmental factors.
Physiology and phenology: e.g. survival strategies, evidence for adaptability and phenological variation. Note
differences observed between the native and exotic ranges.
Nutrition: (do not repeat information given under Hosts; this section is not needed for plants)
Associations: describe here any floral and faunal associations that are outside the above such as symbionts and include
here any information on ecological succession - natural enemies, hosts and vectors of pests and diseases and
threatened species are handled separately.
Environmental requirements: Please add any information to this text section that is not covered in the climate and soil
and water tables below e.g. physiogeography (altitude, aspect, other site conditions) and notes on occurrence at
extremes of its range. Please complete the following Environmental Requirements Tables where applicable to the
organism.
ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS TABLES
Climate tolerances table (please refer to supplied map, a further explanation of the climate classification is available in
the paper a Short Tabular Presentation of Koeppen Classes by Grieser et al., 2006).
Climate (modified Koeppen classification of major climatic regions)
Preferred
(mark with ‘X’)
A.
Equatorial climates
Af
Equatorial full humid rainforest
Am
Equatorial monsoon
As
Equatorial savannah with dry summer
X
Aw
Equatorial savannah with dry winter
X
B.
Arid climates
X
BS
Steppe
X
BW
Desert climate
X
Tolerated
(mark with ‘X’)
X
X
Latitude range
°N
°S
Approximate limits north to south
25
25
Lower limit
Upper limit
Mean annual temperature (°C, lower/upper tolerance limits)
25
29
Mean maximum temperature of hottest month (°C, lower/upper tolerance limits)
31
37
Mean minimum temperature of coldest month (°C, lower/upper tolerance limits)
10
23
Air temperature
Absolute minimum temperature (°C)
(= minimum lowest temperature tolerated/ever recorded)
Rainfall
Mean annual rainfall
(mm; lower/upper limits)
Plant template
-5
125
2225
8
Rainfall regime
(underline or bold one or more)
Dry season duration
(number of consecutive months with <40 mm rainfall; give range)
Summer
Bimodal
Winter
Uniform
3
8
Soil tolerances table (please enter Y(es) against all that are appropriate)
Soil texture
Soil drainage
Light
(sands, sandy loams)
X
Free
Medium
(loams, sandy clay loams)
X
Impeded
Heavy
(clays, clay loams, sandy clays)
X
seasonally waterlogged
Soil reaction
Special soil tolerances
very acid
(pH <4.0)
Acid
(pH 4.0-6.0)
Shallow
Neutral
(pH 6.1-7.4)
X
Sodic
Alkaline
(pH 7.4-9.4)
X
Infertile
very alkaline
(pH > 9.4)
Saline
X
X
other (please specify)
MOVEMENT AND DISPERSAL – SUMMARY (text section)
Include information on pathways and rates of dispersal, at local, national or international levels.
Use the following headings: Natural dispersal (non-biotic), e.g. water, wind; Vector transmission (biotic), e.g. carried
or eaten by animals; Accidental introduction e.g. associated with trade and transport; and Intentional introduction e.g.
as an ornamental or crop plant, as a pet etc.; include legal and illegal movement. The Movement and Dispersal Tables
below are designed to capture searchable data, please complete as fully as possible.
MOVEMENT AND DISPERSAL TABLES
Please complete the following summary tables. Concepts follow those of Carlton JT, Ruiz GM, 2005. Vector science
and integrated vector management in bioinvasion ecology: conceptual frameworks. In: Invasive Alien Species: A New
Synthesis (ed. By Mooney HA et al.). Island Press, Washington, USA as adopted by the GISIN IAS profile schema
(01/05/07)
Causes for introduction and dispersal table
Cause
Notes
Why a species is transported, whether
accidentally or deliberately
Long-distance (D)
and/or Local (L)
(Exclude exceptional circumstances that are
unlikely to be repeated)
Note details of countries of
origin and introduction, for
History of Introduction Table
References
Please write (name,
date) citation here
and include full
bibliographic details
in reference list
Digestion/excretion
L
Land Protection,
2007
Food
D
Azam-Ali et al.,
2006
Horticulture
D
Azam-Ali et al.,
2006
Vectors for introduction and dispersal table
Vector
How a species is transported, i.e. the physical
means or vector (on, in or with the following)
Long-distance (D)
and/or Local (L)
Notes
e.g. frequency, life stage,
density and condition
Reference
Please write (name,
date) citation here
and include full
bibliographic details
in reference list
Germplasm or habitat material (e.g. plant
collections, etc.)
D
Azam-Ali et al.,
2006
Livestock
L
Land Protection,
2007
Plant trade table
Not applicable.
Wood packaging table (unintentional introduction)
Not applicable.
Vector species table
Not applicable.
NOTES ON NATURAL ENEMIES (text section)
Indicate importance of natural enemies, where they occur, whether indigenous or introduced, and any other relevant data.
Mention families and genera here, and cite important references (rather than in the following table).
Plant template
9
Specific case studies of uses as biological control agents should be discussed in the MANAGEMENT SECTION (see
below).
Please complete the table below. Exclude results based only on laboratory trials. The distribution of the natural enemy is
useful for the Compendium, but not essential, so this column is optional. Please indicate whether the natural enemy has
been used as a biological control agent.
NATURAL ENEMY
Scientific name and
authority
TYPE OF ATTACK
herbivore/ carnivore,
parasite, or pathogen
PART/STAGE
ATTACKED
COUNTRIES WHERE
KNOWN TO OCCUR
(optional data)
(followed by dates of
introduction if known
and ‘I’ if indigenous)
SPECIFICITY
(S) to species
(G) to genus
(NS) not specific
USED AS A
BIOLOGICAL
CONTROL
AGENT (Y/N)
Numerous natural enemies
– please refer to Azam-Ali
(2006)
4. IMPACTS SECTION
Impact summary table
Environmental
P(ositive) or N(egative) or PN
(both)
PN
Economic/ livelihood
PN
IMPACT TYPE
P(ositive) or N(egative) or PN
(both)
IMPACT TYPE
Human health
Cultural/ amenity
IMPACTS (text section)
In the following text sections, please refer to the impact outputs and mechanisms from summary table below.
Economic impact
Provide details of economic impacts, indicating where (regions or countries), and the frequency and severity. If possible
include quantitative statements with references.
Social impact
Discuss the impact of the pest on human activities if relevant, including health, livelihoods, aesthetics, tourism etc.
Environmental impact
Discuss the impact of the species on the natural environment. Recommended subheadings are:
Impact on habitats: i.e. alteration of ecosystem processes (e.g. productivity, nutrient cycling, disturbance regime,
etc.) and ecosystem services (e.g. soil protection and regeneration, fire regime, water supply, waste decomposition,
etc.). cite known examples of invasions into national parks, marine reserves, and other protected areas, with the
specific effects in each case.
Impact on biodiversity: discuss impacts on biodiversity, native species and species of conservation significance
and describe the mechanisms underlying these impacts e.g. hybridization, competition for food or space, parasitism,
predation, herbivory, vector of disease, etc.
Threatened species table
List those species that are threatened by this invasive species and the mechanism (from the above list):
THREATENED
SPECIES
scientific name and
authority
CONSERVATION
SIGNIFICANCE
(e.g. state whether on the
IUCN red list or national
endangered species list)
WHERE IS IT
THREATENED?
Enter country name if
known and locality
MECHANISM
Enter number from
the Impact
Mechanisms list
REFERENCE:
Please write (name,
date) citation here
and include full
bibliographic details
in reference list
None known
Plant template
10
SUMMARY OF INVASIVENESS
Risk and impact factors table
In this table we would like you to summarise the characteristics of invasiveness, impacts and risks of invasion. This
summary information will be included in the Compendium and is also intended as a checklist for authors, please ensure
that further details and references to support those questions answered by ‘yes’ are included in the appropriate datasheet
sections. This is a general table and some questions are not relevant to all species, please enter ‘NA’ in those cases.
Invasiveness
I1.
I2.
I3.
I4.
I5.
I6.
I7.
I8.
I9.
I10.
I11.
I12.
I13.
I14.
I15.
I16.
I17.
I18.
I19.
Is the species invasive in its native range?
Has it proved invasive outside its native range? (i.e. is it an invasive alien species)?
Does it have a broad native range?
Is it abundant in its native range?
Is it highly adaptable to different environments? (i.e. does it exhibit phenotypic plasticity?)
Is it a habitat generalist?
Does it tolerate, or benefit from, competition, cultivation, browsing pressure, fire?
Is it pioneering in disturbed areas?
Is it tolerant of shade?
Is it capable of securing and ingesting a wide range of food? (i.e. is it polyphagous?)
Is it highly mobile locally?
Does it benefit from human association? (i.e. is it a human commensal?)
Is it long lived?
Is it fast growing?
Does it have high reproductive potential?
Is it gregarious?
Does it have propagules that can viable for more than one year (e.g. as eggs, pupae, seeds)?
Does is reproduce asexually?
Does it have high genetic variability?
Impact outcomes
O1. Altered trophic level
O2. Changed gene pool/ selective loss of
genotypes
O3. Conflict
O4. Damaged ecosystem services
O5. Ecosystem change/ habitat alteration
O6. Host damage
O7. Increases vulnerability to invasions
O8. Infrastructure damage
O9. Loss of medicinal resources
O10. Modification of fire regime
O11. Modification of hydrology
O12. Modification of natural benthic communities
O13. Modification of nutrient regime
O14. Modification of successional patterns
O15. Monoculture formation
O16. Negatively impacts agriculture
O17. Negatively impacts cultural/traditional
practices
O18. Negatively impacts forestry
O19. Negatively impacts human health
O20. Negatively impacts livelihoods
O21. Negatively impacts aquaculture/fisheries
O22. Negatively impacts tourism
O23. Reduced amenity values
O24. Reduced native biodiversity
O25. Soil accretion
O26. Threat to/ loss of endangered species
O27. Threat to/ loss of native species
O28. Transportation disruption
O29. Other, please specify
Please
indicate
Y(es), N(o),
U(nkown)
U
N
N
N
Y
N
U
N
N
U
U
N
U
U
Y
Y
U
N
N
U
U
N
U
Y
U
U
Y
N
Please indicate Y(es), N(o),
U(nkown), NA (not applicable)
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
U
Y
Y
Y
NA
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
NA
Y
Y
Y
Impact mechanisms
M1. Allelopathic
M2. Causes allergic responses
M3. Competition - monopolising resources
M4. Competition - shading
M5. Competition - smothering
M6. Competition - strangling
M7. Competition - other
M8. Pest and disease transmission
M9. Filtration
M10. Fouling
M11. Herbivory/grazing/browsing
M12. Hybridization
M13. Induces hypersensitivity
M14. Interaction with other invasive species
M15. Parasitism (incl. parasitoid)
M16. Pathogenic
M17. Poisoning
M18. Pollen swamping
M19. Predation
M20. Rapid growth
M21. Rooting
M22. Trampling
M23. Other, please specify
M24.
M25.
M26.
Likelihood of entry/control
E1. Is it highly likely to be transported internationally (a) accidentally? (e.g. as a contaminant).
E2. Is it highly likely to be transported internationally (b) deliberately? (e.g. as an ornamental)
E3. Is it highly likely to be transported internationally (c) illegally
E4. Is it difficult to identify / detect as a commodity contaminant? (e.g. due to small size)
E5. Is it difficult to identify / detect in the field? (e.g. similarities to other species, inconspicuousness)
E6. Is it difficult / costly to control? (e.g. resistance to pesticides)
Plant template
Please
indicate
Y(es), N(o),
U(nkown)
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
U
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
U
N
Please indicate Y(es),
N(o), U(nkown)
N
Y
N
N
N
Y
11
5. MANAGEMENT SECTION
PRODUCTIVE USES AND MANAGEMENT (text section)
Describe any human uses of the organism under the subheadings: Economic value, Social benefit and Environmental
services, and whether there are differences between regions. Note any management applied for production and/or
commercialization of the organism. Please cite references.
USES TABLE
Use
Please
mark with
‘X’
Baskets
Meat and bonemeal
Bark products
Fishmeal
Environmental
Carved material
Agroforestry
Boundary, barrier or
support
Erosion control, dune
stabilization
Revegetation
Silk
X
Lac
X
X
X
X
Bait, attractant
Insect food
Drugs, stimulants,
social uses – materials
Hallucinogen
Shell
Pearls
Miscellaneous
Masticatory
Soil conservation
Narcotic
Shelterbelts
Medicinal,
pharmaceutical
Traditional, folklore
Soil improvement
Source of
Smoking
Graft stock
Veterinary
Stimulants
Land reclamation
Ornamental
X
Religious
X
Firebreak
Fuels
Windbreaks
Fuelwood
X
Host or pest
Charcoal
X
Biological control
Biofuels
Wildlife habitat
Amenity
Psychoactive
Genetic Importance
Miscellaneous fuels
Related to
X
Commercial pollinator
Gene source
Test organisms (for pests
and diseases)
Progenitor of
Ornamental
Materials
Human food and
beverage
Vegetable
Alcohol
Beverage base
Potted plant
Chemicals
Oil, fat
Christmas tree
Fertilizer
Cereal
Propagation material
Pesticide, pest repellent
Emergency (famine) food
Essential oils
Flour, starch
Gum/resin
X
Cut flower
X
Seed trade
Fruits
X
Additional (please specify:)
Rubber/latex
Honey, honey flora
X
Lipids
Pulse
Oils
Nuts
Hair
Root crop
Horn
Seeds
Bones
Spices & culinary herbs
Skins/leather/fur
Leaves (for beverage)
Dye/tanning
X
Sugar
X
Milk and dairy products
Meat/fat/offal/blood/bone
(whole, cut, fresh, frozen,
canned, cured, processed
or smoked)
Eggs
Wax
Fibre
Wool
Feathers
Fuel (fuelwood)
Mulches
Food additive
Manure
Gum, mucilage
Green manure
Wood/timber (see table of
Wood products)
Beads
Cane
Plant template
X
X
Animal feed, fodder,
forage
Fodder/animal feed
X
Forage
X
12
WOOD PRODUCTS TABLE
Only relevant for trees and other woody plants.
Wood product
Fuelwood
Roundwood
transmission poles
Posts
Stakes
Piles
pit props
building poles
roundwood structures
Sawn or hewn building
timbers
For heavy construction
beams
For light construction
carpentry/joinery
(exterior/interior)
flooring
wall panelling
shingles
exterior fittings
fences
Gates
engineering structures
bridges
hydraulic works
Railway sleepers
Containers
Pallets
Crates
Boxes
Cases
Please
mark
with ‘X’
X
X
Tanks
Vats
cooperage
baskets
Woodware
Industrial and domestic
woodware
tool handles
brushes
cutlery
toys
musical instruments
sports equipment
wood carvings
turnery
marquetry
matches
pencils
Furniture
Veneers
Boats
Vehicle bodies
Wood-based materials
plywood
blockboard
laminated wood
laminated veneer lumber
parallel strand lumber
laminated strand lumber
oriented strand lumber
composite boards
wood cement
gypsum board
particleboard
waferboard
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
flakeboard
oriented strandboard
fibreboard
hardboard
medium density fibreboard
Improved wood
Wood hydrolysates
Lignin products
Plastics from wood
Wood gas (and other
hydrocarbons, methyl alcohol,
etc.)
Pulp
short-fibre pulp
long-fibre pulp
Wood extractives (including
oil)
Textiles
Other cellulose derivatives
Wood wool
Wood flour
Charcoal
Wood residues
X
Additional (please specify)
X
INVASIVE SPECIES MANAGEMENT (text section)
Management concerns the invasive species directly, its vector species, reservoir hosts, or the pathways for introduction
and dispersal. If you have detailed information on site-specific control measures, please contact the commissioning editor
for the possibility of writing a separate case study.
Prevention
SPS measures (quarantine, certification, prohibition)
Early warning systems
Detection and inspection methods (incl. useful identification keys)
Diagnosis (laboratory techniques incl. barcodes, screening)
Rapid response
Public awareness
Eradication
Containment/zoning
Control
Control practices should be described in general terms, and should not include specific recommendations for
formulations, application rates or schedules. Indicate whether control methods are usually necessary and what
approaches are used.
Cultural control and sanitary measures
Physical/mechanical control
Movement control
Biological control
Chemical control
Host resistance (incl. vaccination)
IPM
Control by utilization
Monitoring and surveillance (incl. remote sensing)
Mitigation
Ecosystem restoration
Plant template
13
6. FURTHER INFORMATION SECTION
GAPS IN KNOWLEDGE/RESEARCH NEEDS (text section)
If during the compilation of this datasheet you have found that factual data for any of the sections is simply not available,
please indicate suggestions for future research here.
LINKS TO WEBSITES
Give details of any sites on the internet, which are of relevance to this datasheet, these may be organizations/networks of
expertise, databases and other significant compilations.
NAME
ADDRESS (URL)
http://www.worldagroforestrycentre.org/Sites/TreeDBS/Treedataba
ses.asp
ICRAF’s Agroforestree Database
ORGANIZATIONS
Give details of any organizations which are of significant relevance to this datasheet (with specific focus/expertise at the
national, regional or global level).
NAME
Central Institute for Arid
Horticulture
Contact: Dr BB
Vashishtha
Haryana Agricultural
University
Contact: Prof OP Toky
ACRONYM
CIAH
Central Arid Zone
Research Institute
Contact: Dr LN Harsh
The International Centre
for Underutilized Crops
ICUC-IWMI
ADDRESS
COUNTRY
URL
Bikaner 334 006, Rajasthan
India
Hisar 124 004, Haryana
India
http://hau.ernet.in/
Jodhpur 342 003, Rajasthan
India
http://www.hridir.org/count
ries/india/PROVCOUN/ind
ian_council_of_agricultura
l_research/central_arid_z
one_research_institute_u
nder_icar/index.htm
Colombo
Sri Lanka
http://www.icuc-iwmi.org/
CASE STUDIES
These are specific examples, mainly location-specific (to ecosystem, region/sea area, country, etc.), to illustrate invasive
behaviour, biology, impacts, management success/failures, history, status, mode of introduction, ecosystem restoration,
etc. They will link to species and country datasheets, key topics and other case studies. It is intended that case studies
fulfil the role of location-specific information in the ISC. If you think you would be able to contribute a case study for this
species, either specially prepared or from existing material, please contact CABI.
REFERENCES
Reference list (full bibliographic citation; please follow the style guide in the Instructions to Authors) for all references
cited in text and table sections.
Plant template
14
TEXT SECTIONS (summary)
The text sections and reference lists should be provided in separate documents. This is a summary of those text sections
(listed elsewhere in this document), and suggested subheadings. Subheadings may vary, but if relevant use those
suggested. Further guidelines for the completion of these text sections are given elsewhere in this document, and in the
'Instructions to Authors'.
1. IDENTITY SECTION
Notes on Taxonomy and Nomenclature
Summary of Invasiveness
5. MANAGEMENT SECTION
Productive Uses and Management
Economic value
Social benefit
Environmental services
Invasive Species management
Prevention
SPS measures
Early warning systems
Detection and inspection methods
Diagnosis
Rapid response
Public awareness
Eradication
Containment/zoning
Control
Cultural control and sanitary measures
Physical/mechanical control
Movement control
Biological control
Chemical control
Host resistance (incl. vaccination)
IPM
Control by utilization
Monitoring and surveillance (incl. remote sensing)
Mitigation
Ecosystem restoration
2. DISTRIBUTION SECTION
Distribution – Further information
History of Introduction/Spread
Risk of introduction
3. BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY SECTION
Description
Similarities to Other Species/Conditions
Notes on Habitat
Notes On Crops/Other Plants Affected
Biology and Ecology
Genetics
Reproductive biology
Physiology and phenology
Nutrition
Associations
Environmental requirements
Movement and Dispersal – Summary
Natural dispersal (non-biotic)
Vector transmission (biotic)
Accidental introduction
Intentional introduction
Notes on Natural Enemies
6. FURTHER INFORMATION
Gaps in Knowledge/Research Needs
Case Studies
References
4. IMPACT SECTION
Impacts
Economic impact
Social impact
Environmental impact
Impact on habitats
Impact on biodiversity
ILLUSTRATIONS
Please see Instructions to Authors for further essential information regarding illustrations.
Please supply full details for each illustration that you send.
Pic
No.
1
2
3
4
Please supply a clear, descriptive caption for
each illustration (supply on a separate sheet if
necessary)
Large Z. mauritiana street tree in Aqaba, Jordan
Shrubby Z. mauritiana in Cape Verde
Large Z. mauritiana fruits from improved grafted
varieties for sale in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Improved Z. mauritiana in irrigated plantations in
Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
Type:
Slide
Print
Artwork?
Rights to illustration held by?
Immediate
return
required?
(mark with
‘X’)
Print
Print
Nick Pasiecznik
Nick Pasiecznik
X
X
Print
Nick Pasiecznik
X
Print
Nick Pasiecznik
X
Please indicate any other potential source of pictures for this datasheet
NAME
Dr Rieks van Klinken
Dr Hannah Jaenicke,
ADDRESS (postal or email)
CSIRO, Australia [email protected]
International Centre for Underutilised Crops, Colombo, Sri Lanka [email protected]
OTHER MATERIALS
Do you hold the rights for any materials that cover themes related to the main subject of this datasheet? We may be
interested in technical guidelines, reports, extension or teaching materials, databases, software, etc.; these may include
unpublished as well as published documents. Would you consider granting us permission to re-use these materials or
extracted excerpts from them? The original source would be prominently displayed with the material. Non-English
materials will be considered.
MATERIAL
FORMAT
None
Thank you for your contribution.
Plant template
15