Download blood - greinerudsd

Class Starter
• What is the difference between arteries,
veins, and capillaries?
• What is the atherosclerosis?
– What are three effects of this condition?
• What are the 4 parts that make up the
blood?
37.2 BLOOD
Blood Basics
• Blood is a type of connective tissue
containing both dissolved substances and
specialized cells
Collects oxygen from lungs, nutrients from
the digestive system, and wastes from the
tissues
Blood Basics
Helps regulate body’s internal environment
(body temperature)
Can clot to repair damaged blood vessels
Can fight infection
Blood Plasma
• Straw colored liquid made of 90% water
and 10% dissolved gases, salts, nutrients,
enzymes, hormones, wastes, and plasma
proteins
Plasma
Platelets
White blood
cells
Red blood
cells
Plasma Proteins
• Three different types of plasma proteins
– Albumins
Helps regulate osmotic pressure and blood volume
• Transports substance (fatty acids, hormones, and vitamins)
– Globulins
Some fight viral and bacterial infections
• Transports substance (fatty acids, hormones, and vitamins)
– Fibrinogen
Responsible for ability to clot blood
Red Blood Cells
Erythrocytes
– Do not contain nuclei or other organelles when they
are mature
• Most numerous blood cell in the blood
Produced in the bone marrow
• Transport oxygen
– Contains hemoglobin
Iron containing protein that
oxygen binds to
Gives blood its color
Blood Types
• Each individual has a blood type that is
determined by the presence or absence of
proteins called antigens on the red blood cell
• Blood types include
–
–
–
–
A blood – have the A antigen on the RBC
B blood – have the B antigen on the RBC
AB blood – has both the A and B antigen on the RBC
O blood – does not have either A or B antigens on
the RBC
Blood Transfusions
• When serious injury occurs and blood is
needed to be injected into patient, blood
types must match or be compatible
• If not compatible, the blood cells will react
in a process called agglutination
Blood cells stick together
Review Questions
• What makes up the majority of the blood?
• What the 3 plasma proteins and their
function?
• Who can receive blood from an A blood type
donor?
• Who can donate blood to a B blood type
person?
• Who can receive blood from anyone?
• Who can donate blood to anyone?
White Blood Cells
Leukocytes
– Contain nuclei
– Can be found outside of
the circulatory system in
the lymphatic system
• Produced in the bone marrow
• Guard against infection, fight parasites,
and attack bacteria
Platelets and Blood Clotting
Platelets are cell fragments
that contain clotting factor
• Come in contact with edges
of broken vessels and begin to
stick together
– Release clotting factor which
starts the blood clotting process
– Thromboplastin, prothrombin, thrombin, and
fibrinogen are all used in clotting blood
Break in
Capillary Wall
Blood vessels
injured.
Clumping of Platelets
Clot Forms
Platelets clump at the site
and release thromboplastin.
Thromboplastin converts
prothrombin into thrombin..
Thrombin converts
fibrinogen into fibrin,
which causes a clot.
The clot prevents
further loss of blood..
Hemophilia
• Genetic disorder that results from a
defective protein in the clotting pathway
People cannot produce blood clots
• Can be treated with injections of the
missing clotting factor
Lymphatic System
• The lymphatic system is a system of
vessels, nodes, and organs that collect
any fluid lost by the blood
It returns this fluid (lymph) back into the
circulatory system in the superior vena cava
• Main organs of the lymphatic system are
the thymus and the spleen
Superior
vena cava
Thymus
Heart
Thoracic duct
Spleen
Lymph nodes
Lymph
vessels