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■EssentialQuestion: –Whatfactorsencouragedthe EuropeanAgeofExploration? Fromthe1400stothe1700s,Europeexperienced an“AgeofExploration” TheRenaissanceencouraged curiosity&adesirefortrade Motivations: WhydidEuropeanswanttoexplore? Asaresultofexploration,European nationsgrewpowerful&spreadtheir influencethroughouttheworld Gold(Money) Merchantsbeganlookingforquick,direct Adesirefornewsourcesofwealthwasthe traderoutestoAsiatoavoidMuslim& mainreasonforEuropeanexploration Italianmerchants&increaseprofits TheCrusades&Renaissance stimulatedEuropeandesires forexoticAsianluxurygoods Gold(Money) Adesirefornewsourcesofwealthwasthe mainreasonforEuropeanexploration TheCrusades&Renaissance stimulatedEuropeandesires forexoticAsianluxurygoods Glory Kingswhosponsoredvoyagesofexploration TheRenaissanceinspirednewpossibilities gainedoverseascolonies,newsourcesof forpower&prestige wealthfortheirnation,&increasedpower ExplorationpresentedEuropeans theopportunitytorisefrompoverty andgainfame,fortune,&status God European Christians,especiallyCatholics, wantedtostopthespreadofIslam& convertnon-Christianstothefaith Explorerswereencouragedto spreadChristianityorbring missionarieswhowouldfocus onlyonconversions Means: TheAgeofExploration Howwereexplorersabletosail sofar&makeitbackagain? BeforetheRenaissance,sailorsdidnothavethe technologytosailveryfarfromEurope&return Navigation Trade&culturaldiffusionduringtheRenaissance introducednewnavigationtechniquestoEuropeans Mapsweremoreaccurate andusedlongitude&latitude Magneticcompassmade sailingmoreaccurate Navigation Trade&culturaldiffusionduringtheRenaissance introducednewnavigationtechniquestoEuropeans Astrolabeusedstars toshowdirection Europeanshipbuildersbuiltabettership; Thecaravelwasastrongshipthatcouldtravel intheopenseas&inshallowwater Caravelshad triangularlateen sailsthatallowed shipstosail againstthewind Amoveable ruddermade Cannons&rifles thecaravelmore gaveshipsprotection maneuverable Whoweretheexplorers,wheredidtheygo, TheAgeofExploration &howdidtheychangeworldhistory? Europeanswerenotthefirsttoexplore theoceansinsearchofnewtraderoutes IslamicmerchantsexploredtheIndianOcean &haddominatedtheAsianspicetradefor centuriesbeforeEuropeanexploration EarlyExploration From1405to1433,ZhengHeled theChinesetreasurefleeton 7expeditionstoSEAsia,India,& AfricaduringtheMingDynasty Butinthelate1400s,theEuropeansailorsdid whatneitherMuslimnorChineseexplorerscould: Beginglobal(notregional)exploration& createcoloniestoincreasetheirwealth&power InPortugal,PrinceHenrythe Navigatorstartedaschoolof navigationtotrainsailors HebroughtinEurope’sbest map-makers,ship-builders, &sailinginstructors Hewantedto discovernew territories, findaquick traderouteto Asia,&expand Portugal’s power Portugalwasthe earlyleaderinthe AgeofExploration PrinceHenry’snavigationschool&willingness tofundvoyagesledthePortuguesetobethe 1st toexplorethewestcoastofAfrica Vascoda Gama was the1st explorerto findadirecttrade routetoAsiaby goingaroundAfrica togettoIndia Portugalgaineda searoutetoAsia thatbroughtthem greatwealth DuringtheAgeof Exploration,Portugal createdcoloniesalongthe Africancoast,inBrazil,& theSpiceIslandsinAsia TheSpanishgovernment sawPortugal’swealth& didnotwanttobeleftout Morethananyother Europeanmonarch, Ferdinand&Isabella ofSpainsponsored& supportedoverseas expeditions Likemosteducatedmenof Columbusreachedthe theRenaissance,Columbus BahamasinAmerica believedtheworldwas butthoughtthathe round&thoughthecould hadreachedislandsoff reachAsiabysailingwest thecoastofIndia Hemade4tripsto “India”neverknowing hewasin“America” Despitethefactthat Magellanbecamethe Columbusneverfound firstexplorerto Asia,FerdinandMagellan circumnavigatetheEarth stillthoughthecould (goallthewayaround) reachAsiabysailingWest Duringthe AgeofExploration, Spaincreatedcoloniesin North&SouthAmerica Spainsentexplorerscalledconquistadors totheNewWorldtofindgold,claimland, &spreadChristianity Cortes conquered theAztecs Pizarro conquered theInca Spainsentexplorerscalledconquistadors totheNewWorldtofindgold,claimland, &spreadChristianity Theinfluxofgoldfrom AmericamadeSpainthe mostpowerfulcountry inEuropeduringthe earlyyearsofthe AgeofExploration England,France,&theNetherlandsbecameinvolved inoverseasexploration&colonizationaswell Afterfailingtodoso, Champlainfoundedthe FrenchcolonyofQuebec TheFrenchexplorerSamueldeChamplain searchedCanadaforanorthwestpassagetoAsia TheFrenchwouldsooncarveoutalargecolonyalong theMississippiRiverfromCanadatoNewOrleans Unlikeother Europeannations whosekingspaid forcolonies,the Englishcolonies werepaidfor bycitizenswho formedjointstockcompanies Englishcolonies formedalongthe AtlanticCoastof NorthAmericaby colonistsmotivated eitherbyreligion orwealth TheEnglishexplorerJamesCookwas thefirstEuropeantomakecontactwith Australia,NewZealand,&Hawaii LikeEngland,the TheDutchhadcoloniesin Netherlands(theDutch) America&Africa,butthe allowedprivatecompanies DutchEastIndiaCompany tofundexploration dominatedtradeinAsia Conclusions AsaresultoftheAgeofExploration,European knowledge&influenceoftheworldincreasedgreatly