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Transcript
THE HIGH RENAISSANCE Between 1495 and 1527, a series of powerful and ambitious popes created a new force in Italy-a papal state, with ___________ as its capital. Rome eventually took the lead from Florence and became the art capital of Europe. The popes, living luxuriously themselves, embellished the city with great works of art. They invited artists from all over Italy to Rome and provided them with challenging and exciting commissions. The High Renaissance lasted only about 20 years, but the work produced in Rome and Venice during this period would influence European art for at least three centuries. During the High Renaissance, artists began being viewed as geniuses rather than crafts persons. It was widely believed that artists, like poets, created their work under divine inspiration. Artists of the High Renaissance often disregarded formulas and scientific perspective for more emotional styles. The High Renaissance is thus more _______________. Rome becomes the art center of Europe. The notion of artist as genius is born. The Venetian artists make dramatic innovations in painting. Leonardo, The Virgin of The Rocks, 15th c, oil on panel Da Vinci considered painting the supreme form of art. Leonardo was trained in Florence, but made most of his works away from the city. The Virgin of the Rocks reveals a ____________ composition that joins together the figures. The angel points to John the Baptist, blessed by Christ and sheltered by the Virgin’s hand. The viewer’s eye is lead around the painting from figure to figure and rests at the Virgin’s face. Light forms emerge from the background to create a dramatic contrast of values. This extreme contrast of light from dark is called _________________. Leonardo, The Last Supper, 15th c, tempera wall mural The Last Supper is a ___________ painting (painting on wet plaster) on the wall of a dining hall monastery in Milan. Despite its ruined state, the painting is impressive in form and emotion. Christ and the apostles are celebrating the Passover. Christ has announced that one of the apostles will betray him. The intense shock and amazement is visible. The vanishing point is behind Christ, emphasizing his importance. Michelangelo, Pieta, 16th c, marble Michelangelo developed at an early age an intense interest in Greek and Roman culture. He was accepted in the Medici household and the Medici school for sculptors. Pieta is one of his early masterpieces. Completed in 1500, this marble sculpture evokes profound Christian feeling. The folds of the drapery and human flesh are superbly handled. The seated mother of Christ is overly large when compared with the body of her son. Michelangelo was concerned with the visual appearance of the pyramidal composition rather than with exact _______________. The work was carved from a single block of marble. The sculpture is highly polished in the style of the Early Renaissance. In his later works, parts are left rough from the chisel to contrast with polished areas. The artist signed the work on the band across Mary’s chest. Michelangelo, David, 16th c, marble Michelangelo’s David goes far beyond imitating nature. It is huge in size and super-human in its muscular perfection. The body is expressive, angry and defiant. The empty sling drapes over his left shoulder and a round stone is cradled in his over-sized right hand. He stands relaxed, but alert and god-like. David expresses Michelangelo’s belief that human beauty is the outward indication of __________________. The sculpture was placed the main square of the Florentine town hall. Michelangelo, The Sistine Ceiling, 16th c, fresco The Sistine Ceiling took Michelangelo over four years to complete. It contains nine scenes from the______ _______________, and over 400 figures fill the architectural elements and separate the scenes. The work depicts the horrors of hell and the eternal life in heaven. Raphael, The School of Athens, fresco, 16th c Raphael was court painter in the Vatican until his early death. To the bequest of the Pope Julius II, he worked on a series of frescoes for the Vatican’s Room of Signatures, where official papers were signed. One of the subjects was The School of Athens. This work embodies the spirit of the High Renaissance. The painting is Raphael’s way of balancing pagan ____________ and Renaissance Christianity in one monumental work. The masters of Classical Greek thought, science and art, are in animated conversations. Plato and Aristotle are at the center and are in deep conversation. Leonardo is painted as Plato and Michelangelo is included, as well as Raphael as bystander. The sculptural quality, individual poses and the groupings of figures were influenced by Michelangelo’s ______________________. Leonardo’s ____________________ influenced the balance and composition. The vanishing point is behind the heads of Plato and Aristotle. How are the Early Renaissance and the High Renaissance alike? How are they different? Of all the Renaissance pieces that have been reviewed, which is your favorite? Why?