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Exercise Science Chapter 1 Human Anatomy Anatomy 5 Major Anatomical Systems Skeletal System Muscular System Nervous System Cardiovascular System Respiratory System Skeletal System Basic Functions Protection Support Framework (levers) Production of RBC Storage (minerals) Skeletal System Types of skeletons Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton 206 bones total Skeletal System Axial Skeleton – column, ribs & sternum skull, hyoid bone, vertebral Skeletal System Axial Skeleton cont… Vertebral Column- Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacrum (5 fused) Coccyx (2-4) Skeletal System Appendicular Skeleton (appendages) Levers Mobility Skeletal System Appendicular Skeleton Skeletal System Wolfs Law – a bone is capable of adjusting it’s strength in proportion to the amount of stress (or lack of stress) placed on it Factors that Affect Bone Density Diet Genetics Activity Bone Density Theory – bone density “CAN” increase until about age 35 years. Then depending on the above factor it will begin to decrease Skeletal System Bones to Know Skull Scapula Clavicle Sternum Ribs Humerus Radius Ulna Pelvis Femur Tibia Fibula Vertebral Column Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacrum (5 fused) Coccyx (2 to 4) Muscular System Basic Functions Protection Locomotion Force Production Types of Muscle Tissue Smooth or Visceral Cardiac Skeletal (for our class this is what we will be referring to in all our discussions) Muscular System Properties of Skeletal Muscle Contraction Contract – Shorten (concentric) Relax – Lengthen (eccentric) All or Nothing Motor Units – certain # of muscle fibers and the specific motor neuron that connects w/ them Muscular System Vocabulary Agonist Antagonist Prime Mover Synergist Stabilizers Muscular System Vocabulary Flexion Extension Plantar Flexion Dorsi Flexion Inversion – medial Eversion – lateral Abduction Adduction Circumduction Internal Rotation External Rotation Supination Pronation Elevation Depression Horizontal Flexion Horizontal Extension Cont… Muscular System Muscles to Know Pectoralis Major Pectoralis Minor Deltoid Rotator Cuff Subscapularis Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor Biceps Brachii Brachialis Brachioradialis Triceps Muscular System Muscular System Muscles to Know Cont… Abdominals External Obliques Internal Obliques Rectus Abdominis Transverse Abdominis Erector Spinae Latissimus Dorsi Trapezius Gluteal Iliopsoas Quadriceps Hamstrings Tibialis Anterior Soleus Gastrocnemius Nervous System Basic Functions Control Center Communication All Major Body Functions (heart, breathing, etc…) Personality Critical Thinking Motor Control Motor Coordination Etc… Nervous System Central Nervous System Brain Spinal Cord Peripheral Nervous System Sensory Neurons (information in) Motor Neurons (information out) Nervous System Motor Units – certain # of skeletal muscle fibers and the motor neuron that innervates (connects) with them Motor Units can have vary # of muscle fibers connect with it’s correlating motor neuron This is how we can produce varying force production Muscle Fiber Types Slow Twitch – lower # of Muscle Fibers per motor neuron Fast Twitch – higher # of Muscle Fibers per motor neuron Cardiovascular System Basic Functions Uptake & Delivery Oxygen Uptake & Delivery Nutrients Uptake & Removal of Wastes Cardiovascular System Components Heart (pump) Vessels (pathways) Blood (Transporter) Cardiovascular System Blood Flow Through the Heart • Superior Vena Cava & Inferior Vena Cava • Right Atrium • Right Atrioventricular Valve (Tricuspid) • Right Ventricle • Pulmonary Semilunar Valve • Pulmonary Trunk – Pulmonary Arteries Cardiovascular System Blood Flow Through the Heart Cont… Pulmonary Veins Left Atrium Left Atrioventricular Valve (Bicuspid, Mitral) Left Ventricle Aortic Semilunar Valve Aorta Body Cardiovascular System Cardiovascular Vessels Arteries Arterioles Capillaries Venules Veins (transitional vessels) Cardiovascular System Arteries/Arterioles Rigid Smooth Muscle Carries Blood Away from the Heart Cardiovascular System Veins/Venules Collapsible Valves Carries Blood Towards the Heart Cardiovascular System Capillaries Small Transitional Vessels Drop off O2 & Nutrients Pick up CO2 & Wastes Cardiovascular System Blood Transporter of oxygen, nutrients & wastes Stays inside the vessels Women approx 4 to 5 Liters Men approx 5 to 6 Liters Cardiovascular System Cardiac Cycle Systole – work, ventricular contraction, blood exits heart Diastole – rest, atrial contraction, no blood exits heart Blood Pressure Systolic Pressure – pressure in the appendage arteries during ventricular contraction Diastolic Pressure - pressure in the appendage arteries during atrial contraction Respiratory System Basic Functions All Gas exchange in the body Intake of O2 Expel CO2 Respiratory System Components of the Respiratory System Nose Mouth Trachea Bronchi Lungs Respiratory System 3 Types of Respiration External Respiration: the process of getting O2 from outside into the body Respiratory System 3 Types of Respiration Cont… Internal Respiration: the process of transitioning O2 from the lungs to the blood Respiratory System 3 Types of Respiration Cont… Cellular Respiration: the process of getting O2 from the blood to the working muscles Anatomy Homework Assignment Detailed Picture of Each of the 5 Systems 3 Web addresses of web sites (for each system) that discuss each system