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Assignment #4.1 Forms of Energy Name: ___________________________________________________ Period: ____________ Forms of Energy Notes Learning Targets: I can identify the two main categories of energy I can identify the 9 different forms of energy and what category they fall into DIRECTIONS: As you read the following information about forms of energy, underline or highlight important information or definitions. What Is Energy? Energy does things for us. It moves cars along the road and boats on the water. It bakes a cake in the oven and keeps ice frozen in the freezer. It plays our favorite songs and lights our homes at night so that we can read good books. Energy helps our bodies grow and our minds think. Energy is a changing, doing, moving, working thing. Energy is defined as the ability to produce change or do work, and that work can be divided into several main tasks we easily recognize: Energy produces light. Energy produces heat. Energy produces motion. Energy produces sound. Energy produces growth. Energy powers technology. Forms of Energy There are many forms of energy, but they all fall into two categories–potential or kinetic. Potential Energy is stored energy and the energy of position. There are several forms of potential energy, including: Chemical Energy is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. It is the energy that holds these particles together. Biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and propane are examples of stored chemical energy. During photosynthesis, plants build complex chemical compounds. When these compounds are later broken down, the stored chemical energy is released as heat, light, motion and sound. Anything that burns, or has any chemical change is converting chemical energy. Elastic Potential Energy is energy stored in objects by the application of a force. Compressed springs and stretched rubber bands are examples of elastic potential energy. Anything that is stretched or compressed has elastic potential energy. Nuclear Energy is energy stored in the nucleus of an atom––the energy that holds the nucleus together. The energy can be released when the nuclei are combined or split apart. Nuclear power plants split the nuclei of uranium atoms in a process called fission. The interior of the sun combines the nuclei of hydrogen atoms into helium atoms in a process called fusion. In both fission and fusion, mass is converted into energy, according to Einstein’s Theory, E = mc2. 1 of 6 Assignment #4.1 Forms of Energy Gravitational Potential Energy is the energy of position or place. A rock resting at the top of a hill contains gravitational potential energy. Hydropower, such as water in a reservoir behind a dam, is an example of gravitational potential energy. Anything that is elevated has gravitational potential energy. Kinetic Energy is motion––the motion of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules, substances, and objects. Electrical Energy is the movement of electrons. Everything is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms are made of even smaller particles called electrons, protons, and neutrons. Applying a force can make some of the electrons move. Lightning is another example of electrical energy. Electrons moving through a wire are called electricity. Any time there is electricity, there is electrical energy. Radiant Energy is electromagnetic energy that travels in transverse waves. Radiant energy includes visible light, x-rays, gamma rays and radio waves. Light is one type of radiant energy. Solar energy is an example of radiant energy. Any form of light (visible or not) has radiant energy. Thermal Energy is the internal energy in substances (or temperature)––the vibration and movement of atoms and molecules within substances. The faster molecules and atoms vibrate and move within substances, the more energy they possess and the hotter they become. Geothermal energy is an example of thermal energy. The hotter something is the more thermal energy it has. A lot of energy that is “lost” is really being converted into thermal energy by friction. Think of rubbing your hands together really fast. Air resistance also causes friction, so most moving objects give away a little of their motion energy to thermal energy. Anything with warmth has thermal energy. Motion (Kinetic) Energy is the movement of objects and substances from one place to another. According to Newton’s Laws of Motion, objects and substances move when a force is applied. Wind is an example of motion energy. If an object is moving it has kinetic energy. Sound Energy is the movement of vibrations through substances in longitudinal (compression/rarefaction) waves. Sound is produced when a force causes an object or substance to vibrate; the energy is transferred through the substance in a wave. Whenever you hear a sound, some sort of energy is being converted into sound energy. Conservation of Energy Your parents may tell you to conserve energy. “Turn out the lights,” they say. But to scientists, conservation of energy means something quite different. The law of conservation of energy says energy is neither created nor destroyed. When we use energy, we do not use it up––we just change its form. That’s really what we mean when we say we are using energy. We change one form of energy into another. A car engine burns gasoline, converting the chemical energy in the gasoline into kinetic energy that makes the car move. Old-fashioned windmills changed the kinetic energy of the wind into mechanical energy to grind grain. Solar cells change radiant energy into electrical energy. Energy can change form, but the total quantity of energy in the universe remains the same. ALMOST ALL ENERGY ON EARTH CAN BE TRACED BACK TO THE SUN! 2 of 6 Assignment #4.1 Forms of Energy Forms of Energy Notes Name ____________________________________________ Period _____ 1) In physics, what is energy defined as? ___________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ 2) What are the two main categories energy can be divided into? ___________________ ______________________________________________________________ 3) What is another name for potential energy? ________________________________ 4) What are the four types of potential energy listed? Give a quick definition and example of each. a. ________________ Energy: _____________________________________ ___________________________________ Example: _________________ b. ________________ Energy: _____________________________________ ___________________________________ Example: _________________ c. ________________ Energy: _____________________________________ ___________________________________ Example: _________________ d. ________________ Energy: _____________________________________ ___________________________________ Example: _________________ 5) Kinetic energy is really what? __________________________________________ 6) What are the five types of kinetic energy listed? Give a quick definition and example of each. a. ________________ Energy: _____________________________________ ___________________________________ Example: _________________ b. ________________ Energy: _____________________________________ ___________________________________ Example: _________________ c. ________________ Energy: _____________________________________ ___________________________________ Example: _________________ d. ________________ Energy: _____________________________________ ___________________________________ Example: _________________ e. ________________ Energy: _____________________________________ ___________________________________ Example: _________________ 3 of 6 Assignment #4.1 Forms of Energy 4 of 6 Assignment #4.1 Forms of Energy Name: ___________________________________________ Period: _________ Forms of Energy Practice Fill in the blanks with the type/form of energy being defined. 1) __________________ Stored energy and the energy of position (gravitational). 6) ___________________ Motion: the motion of waves, electrons, atoms, molecules and substances. 2) ________________ ENERGY is the energy stored in the bonds of atoms and molecules. Biomass, petroleum, natural gas, propane and coal are examples. 7) ________________ ENERGY is electromagnetic energy (light) that travels in transverse waves. Solar energy is an example. 8) ________________ ENERGY is the internal energy in substances—the vibration or movement of atoms and molecules in substances. Geothermal energy is an example. 3) ________________ ENERGY is the energy stored in the nucleus of an atom—the energy that holds the nucleus together. The nucleus of a uranium atom is an example. 4) ________________ ENERGY is energy stored in objects by stretching or compressing them. Springs and rubber bands are examples. 5) ________________ ENERGY is the energy of height. Water in a reservoir behind a hydropower dam is an example. 9) ________________ ENERGY is the movement of an object from one place to another. Wind is an example. 10) ________________ ENERGY is the movement of vibrations through substances in longitudinal waves. 11) ________________ ENERGY is the movement of electrons. Lightning and electricity are examples. 5 of 6 Assignment #4.1 Forms of Energy 12) In the graphic below fill in the box below each picture with the form of energy shown in that picture 13) In the diagram below, fill in the missing form of energy to complete the transformations. Motion 6 of 6