Download Power Point - McCreary County Schools

Special Senses
Allows the human body to react to
the environment by providing touch,
sight, hearing, taste and smell.
The
1.ORBITS
2. EYE LASHES
3. LACRIMAL glands
All provide protection as a function of the eye.*
• Conjunctiva- covers eyelid and the front of eye
Protects and lubricates eye (this part of the
eye is actually a mucous membrane)*
• Sclera- outer most tough connective tissue
Referred to the “white of the eye
• Retina- When a person looks at an Image, light
rays pass through the eye and focus on this.*
• Cornea-allows light rays to enter the eye
“The window of the eye”
• Iris- colored part of the eye
Controls the size of the pupil
• Pupil – opening center of iris
• Lens- Refraction(measurement of the focusing
characteristics of an eye or eyes) &
Accommodation (the ability of the eye to change
its focus from distant to near objects ) *
• FYI: When you look in a mirror, you see the
IRIS, PUPIL, & the SCLERA (not the retina)*
FYI…..
When you cry  and your nose runs, the fluid
coming out from your nose is TEARS .
Diseases and Abnormal Conditions of
the Eye
Amblyopia
-“lazy eye”
am·bly·opia
• TX: cover good eye to stimulate bad eye,
corrective lens or surgery
• Blindness may occur if not treated before the age
of 8-9
Astigmatism
• Abnormal shape of cornea causing blurred vision
• TX: Corrective lenses
• FYI…This condition can occur in someone with a
normally shaped eyeball*
Cataracts
•
•
•
•
Normal clear lens becomes cloudy
Occurs gradually as a result of aging
Blurred vision, halos, or vision loss
TX: Surgical removal of the lens then either
replaced with an implanted lens or corrective
lens to replace for the removed lens
Conjunctivitis
•
•
•
•
•
“Pink eye”
Contagious inflammation of the conjunctiva
Caused by bacteria or virus
Redness, swelling , pain, and pus formation
TX: Antibiotics in ointment form
Glaucoma
• Increased intraocular pressure caused by an
excess of aqueous humor
• Common after age 4o
• Leading cause of blindness
• Loss of peripheral vision, loss of night vision,
mild aching
• TX: Medications to decrease amount of fluid
produced or surgery*
• Hyperopia- farsightedness
• Myopia- Nearsightedness
Tx: radial keratotomy (RK)
is a surgical procedure used to decrease nearsightedness
• Strabismus (strəˈbizməs)- “Cross-eyed” common in
children*
How is glaucoma usually treated?
•
•
•
•
Medication
Surgical removal of the lens
Corrective lenses
Radial keratotomy
Effect of aging on the eye
• Peripheral vision and depth decrease with age
• Leads to falls and mobility problems
The Ear
• Controls hearing and balance
• Transmit impulses from sound waves to
auditory nerves that carry to brain for
interpretation.
• Pinna/auricle- outside of ear (Largest structure of
the ear)*
• Auditory canal- tube traveling down ear that
produces ear wax
• Tympanic Membrane- eardrum( when a sound is heard, this
structure of the ear is 1st to transmit the sound)*
• Eustachian tube (yoo-stey-shuh n) - allows air to
enter middle ear to allow equalize pressure in the
ear
• Cochlea (kok-lee-uh) - sail shapes, transmits
impulses from sound waves
• External Auditory Canal- may find cerumen here*
FYI…..
Your Ossicles (os-i-kuh) transmit
sound waves to the inner ear*
The ossicles (also called auditory ossicles) are the three
smallest bones in the human body
Another FYI……
The Vestibule, Cochlea, & Organ of Corti are all
organs of the inner ear involved in hearing…
SOOOOOOO that must mean the Semicircular
Canals is NOT!!!!***
Diseases and Abnormal
Conditions of the Ear
• Hearing Loss- either conductive or sensory
• Conductive- when sound waves are not
conducted to the inner ear by either a wax plug,
inner ear obstruction or infection
• Sensory- damage to auditory nerve or inner ear
Hearing Loss
• Conductive-sounds to the ear are blocked by ear
wax or fluid in the middle ear
• Sensory- damage to the inner parts of the ear
For Example…
If you rupture the tympanic membrane, you will
have conductive hearing loss***
Effect of aging on the ear
• Tympanic membrane becomes fibrotic and
unable to transmit sounds
Vertigo
• Dizziness
• Loss of balance
Tinnitus
• Ringing or buzzing heard
Menieres Disease
• Collection of fluid in the inner ear and a
degeneration of the hair cells in the cochlea
• Severe vertigo, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, loss of
balance
• TX: drugs that reduce fluid, draining of fluid
▫ antihistamines
Otitis Externa
• Otitis Externa- Inflammation of external
auditory canal
• Caused by pathogenic virus or bacteria
• Swimmers ear or foreign object
• TX: Antibiotic
Otitis Media
• Inflammation or infection of the middle ear
caused by bacteria or virus
• Frequently follows a sore throat
• Organisms travel from throat through
Eustachian tubes to middle ear*
• TX: Antibiotics
Otosclerosis
• When stapes of the ear become immobile
causing conductive hearing loss
• Otosclerosis is an abnormal growth of bone near
the middle ear. It can result in hearing loss.
• TX: Surgical removal of the stapes
•
•
•
•
What disorder could be treated by the surgical
insertion of an artificial stapes?
Otosclerosis
Meniere’s disease
Otitis media
Sensory hearing loss
Organisms in the throat can travel up the
eustachian tube and cause:
•
•
•
•
Otosclerosis.
A cerumen plug.
Otitis media.
Meniere’s disease.
TASTE…
influenced by sense of smell
What statement about the sense of taste is true?
• Taste is influenced by the sense of smell.
• Taste buds are called lacteals.
• There are no taste buds in the back of the
tongue.
• There are two main tastes, sweet and salty.
Nose Anatomy
NOSE
• Olfactory receptors are found here
Disorders of the Nose
• Rhinitis- inflammation of the lining of the nose
• May cause nasal congestion
• Sneezing, itching, and drainage