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The Age of Exploration Chapter 14.1 The Search for Spices Cinnamon, pepper, nutmeg, cloves Chapter 14 vocab Cartographer 1 Circumnavigate 1 Prince Henry1 Vasco da Gama 1 Treaty of Tordesillas 1 Affonso I 2 Malindi 2 Plantations 2 Macao 4 Matteo Ricci 4 Focus Q: Feb. 1 Read page 459, “Asserting Dutch Dominance” • Bullet point notes • 1 sentence summary • #16 on review sheet Focus Q: January 19 What does your family do to save/not waste money? • Re-use ziplock bags, cut open hand cream bottles, cut your own hair • Buy 2 year old cars, use Capital One CC, • Groceries: coupons, buy on sale • Cut Downy and Tide bottles to drain em • Meals at home, fast food rarely Notebook • 10% of notebook grade is organization • The Table of Contents is your guide • Keep things in the right order • Table of Contents, Title Page face each other Which do you agree w/most? It is okay to conquer other people to: A. Spread religion B. Obtain wealth C. Spread democracy D. There is no valid reason We are going to read about the MOTIVES of European exploration and the IMPACT they had on people around the world. Focus Q: Feb. 1 Read “Around the World and into History” at the top of page 445. • Who do these explorers remind you of? • What skills and character traits do you think they have? Focus Q What motivated some Europeans to explore the seas? What were some of the risks they faced? What you’ll learn…….. 1. Understand European motivation for exploring the seas. 2. Analyze early Portuguese and Spanish explorations. 3. European desire for a direct route to Asia. Why…………. 1. Asian spices change Europeans diets. 2. 1492 Columbus reaches the Bahamas..discovers 2 new continents. 3. Discover America and commit genocide? Why Explore the Seas? 1. By 1400s, Europe's population growing—so was its’ demand for trade goods 2. Spices especially Preserve food, flavor meat, medicine and perfume 3. ***Moluccas: island chain, main source of spices, “Spice Islands”—part of Indonesia today*** Why Explore the Seas? 1. In 1400s, Arabs and Italians controlled most trade btwn Asia and Europe 2. Muslims brought goods to Eastern Mediterranean 3. Italians distribute goods to Europe 4. Other Europeans knew it would be cheaper if they had direct access to Asia Cut out the middlemen Portugal Sails Africa and East 1. Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460): pushes exploration for Portugal 2. 1st claims Madeira and Azores Islands 3. ***1st African port claimed by Portugal: Ceuta*** Azores Madeira Ceuta Ceuta: Spanish city in Africa Ceuta Ceded to Spain 1668 Portugal Sails Africa and East 1. Henry saw great promise in Africa – Convert Africans to Christianity – Find the riches that Muslims traded – Find easier way to Asia 2. Henry gathers scientists, ***cartographers—map makers***, other experts – Redesign ships, prepare maps, train captains and crews 3. Slowly begin to explore coast of Africa The Caravel: lighter, faster, easier to manuever Cape of Good Hope • Henry dies 1460 • 1488 Bartholomew Dias rounds southern tip of Africa • ***named b/c it opened a sea route to Asia*** Vasco da Gama in India 1. 1497-1502 da Gama creates vast trading network in India 2. Portugal controls many port cities around the Indian Ocean 3. Portugal is a world trading power Did you know…… 1. Sailors often suffered from scurvy—vitamin C deficiency 2. Citrus fruits combat scurvy 3. British sailors were called “limey’s” b/c they carried limes on their ships Joke of the day….. • A recent worldwide survey showed that out of 2,146,703,436 people, 94% were too lazy to actually read that number. • Instead of "the John," I call my toilet "the Jim." That way it sounds better when I say I go to the Jim first thing every morning. Columbus Sails West 1. Italian from Genoa 2. Knew Earth was a sphere 3. (today Indonesia) by sailing west wanted to get to East Indies 4. Had no idea about North and South America 5. Portugal wouldn’t sponsor him—Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain did –Want to bring Spain wealth and prestige Columbus’ 1st voyage 1492-3 Columbus Sails West 1. August 3, 1492 sails west w/ Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria—4 voyages to Americas 2. October 12 sites land 3. Cruises the Caribbean for several months, thought he reached Asia ***islands Columbus explored become known as the West Indies*** 4. 1493, returns to Spain a hero Nina 65’ length 18’ beam 7’ draft Line of Demarcation • 1493 Spain appeals to Spanish-born Pope Alexander VI to support Spain’s claim to “the new world” • Pope set ***Line of Demarcation: – Spain gets trading, exploration rights west of line – Portugal east of the line*** • Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) • Divides the nonEuropean world Naming the America’s 1. Amerigo Vespucci describes his voyage to Brazil 2. 1507 German cartographer makes a map of the voyage—labels land America 3. America’s is used to describe western hemisphere continents of North and South America Others Search for Direct Route to Asia 1. English, Dutch, French look for Northwest Passage—water route from Atlantic to Pacific ***1513 Balboa—Spanish—reaches Pacific by hacking his way overland through the jungles of Panama*** Panama Others Search for Direct Route to Asia 1. 1519 Ferdinand Magellan leaves Spain w/ 5 ships searching for a way to the Pacific 2. 1st to sail around the southern tip of South America –Very stormy, unpredictable tides –Called the Straits of Magellan Others Search for Direct Route to Asia 1. Names the sea the Pacific (peaceful) Ocean 2. 1521 reach Philippines, Magellan killed 3. 1522, 1 ship reaches Spain— *** Magellan 1st to circumnavigate the globe— travel around the world***