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The Alimentary Canal
Layers of the Alimentary Canal
•
•
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_________________ – Mucous Membrane
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innermost layer
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adjacent to lumen
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Primarily epithelial tissue
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Secretes ______________ and other products to aid in ___________________.
_______________________
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Below mucosa
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Dense connective tissue
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______________ blood vessels, lymphatic, vessels, nerves
_______________ Externa
•
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Two layers of smooth muscle to aid in ________________________________________
_______________
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Thin, slippery _____________ that minimize friction between ________ and
__________ wall.
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Also known as ______________
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visceral
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Parietal
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Connected together by the mesentery
Alimentary Canal
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Also known as the ___________________ tract (gi tract)
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The tube that runs through the body from the _____________ to the _________.
•
________________ long and includes the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large
intestines.
Accessory Organs/Structures:
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________________
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________________
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________________
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________________
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________________
Upper Alimentary Organs
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Oral Cavity
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_________________
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Mechanical breakdown- _____________ (chewing)
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Chemical breakdown- ___________ enzymes
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________________- pushing food back to throat to swallow
Teeth, gingiva, tongue, salivary glands, cheeks and lips all assist
Teeth
Responsible for mechanically breaking down food
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Anatomy of Tooth
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_______________- – visible portion doing the chewing, covered in enamel
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___________ – below the gums and bone; anchored to the jaw via ligaments
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___________- Cavity inside tooth with blood and nerve supply
Three tissue layers
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_____________- Outer most layer of tooth, mineral calcium phosphate
similar to bone but much harder
•
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____________ and ____________ are underlying tissues within the tooth
___________________- tissue surrounding teeth
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Gingiva (gums)- _____________
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Boney socket for tooth to __________________
Saliva
Responsible for chemically breaking down food by secreting saliva into mouth
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_______________-- moistens food, protects mouth and body from infection
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Water, enzymes, mucous, antibodies
Three pairs of salivary glands
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_______________
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_______________
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_______________
Pharynx and Esophagus
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The pathway (within alimentary canal) food takes on its way to the stomach from the mouth
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_________________-the throat
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_________________- muscular food tube to stomach
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_________________ begins (wave of muscular contraction to push food through the GI
tract
Stomach
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Responsible for ____________- & ______________ breaking down food by secreting gastric
juices
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The stomach is basically a _____________-, a holding tank for food and stretches out to hold
__________ of contents. Food takes a while to break down and must be broken down
_____________ entering the small intestine for nutrient absorption. The stomach does _______
____________________________.
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_______________- folds of tissue that allow the stomach to expand when full with food
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Mechanical digestion
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Lined with _____________ layers of muscles to churn food, continue chopping
after the teeth are done
Chemical digestion
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______________ layer of the stomach
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Simple _____________ epithelium that secretes mucus.
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Gastric pits that secrete juices
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Hydrochloric acid (HCl)