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The Alimentary Canal Layers of the Alimentary Canal • • • _________________ – Mucous Membrane • innermost layer • adjacent to lumen • Primarily epithelial tissue • Secretes ______________ and other products to aid in ___________________. _______________________ • Below mucosa • Dense connective tissue • ______________ blood vessels, lymphatic, vessels, nerves _______________ Externa • • Two layers of smooth muscle to aid in ________________________________________ _______________ • Thin, slippery _____________ that minimize friction between ________ and __________ wall. • Also known as ______________ • visceral • Parietal • Connected together by the mesentery Alimentary Canal • • Also known as the ___________________ tract (gi tract) • The tube that runs through the body from the _____________ to the _________. • ________________ long and includes the pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines. Accessory Organs/Structures: • ________________ • ________________ • ________________ • ________________ • ________________ Upper Alimentary Organs • • Oral Cavity • _________________ • Mechanical breakdown- _____________ (chewing) • Chemical breakdown- ___________ enzymes • ________________- pushing food back to throat to swallow Teeth, gingiva, tongue, salivary glands, cheeks and lips all assist Teeth Responsible for mechanically breaking down food • • Anatomy of Tooth • _______________- – visible portion doing the chewing, covered in enamel • ___________ – below the gums and bone; anchored to the jaw via ligaments • ___________- Cavity inside tooth with blood and nerve supply Three tissue layers • _____________- Outer most layer of tooth, mineral calcium phosphate similar to bone but much harder • • ____________ and ____________ are underlying tissues within the tooth ___________________- tissue surrounding teeth • Gingiva (gums)- _____________ • Boney socket for tooth to __________________ Saliva Responsible for chemically breaking down food by secreting saliva into mouth • _______________-- moistens food, protects mouth and body from infection • • Water, enzymes, mucous, antibodies Three pairs of salivary glands • _______________ • _______________ • _______________ Pharynx and Esophagus • The pathway (within alimentary canal) food takes on its way to the stomach from the mouth • _________________-the throat • _________________- muscular food tube to stomach • _________________ begins (wave of muscular contraction to push food through the GI tract Stomach • Responsible for ____________- & ______________ breaking down food by secreting gastric juices • The stomach is basically a _____________-, a holding tank for food and stretches out to hold __________ of contents. Food takes a while to break down and must be broken down _____________ entering the small intestine for nutrient absorption. The stomach does _______ ____________________________. • _______________- folds of tissue that allow the stomach to expand when full with food • Mechanical digestion • • Lined with _____________ layers of muscles to churn food, continue chopping after the teeth are done Chemical digestion • ______________ layer of the stomach • Simple _____________ epithelium that secretes mucus. • Gastric pits that secrete juices • Hydrochloric acid (HCl)
